Ectromelia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Ectromelia | |||
| synonyms = [[Mousepox]] | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Rash]], [[fever]], [[swelling]] of [[lymph nodes]], [[lethargy]] | |||
| complications = [[Death]] in severe cases | |||
| onset = Sudden | |||
| duration = Varies | |||
| causes = [[Ectromelia virus]] | |||
| risks = Laboratory [[mice]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]], [[serology]] | |||
| differential = [[Smallpox]], [[Cowpox]] | |||
| prevention = [[Quarantine]], [[vaccination]] | |||
| treatment = Supportive care | |||
| prognosis = Variable, often poor in unvaccinated populations | |||
| frequency = Rare in the wild, more common in laboratory settings | |||
}} | |||
'''Ectromelia''' is a significant medical condition primarily affecting the limbs, characterized by the congenital absence or significant shortening of one or more limbs. The term is derived from the Greek words ''ek'', meaning "out," and ''tromelia'', which refers to a deficiency or lack, thus directly pointing to the absence or deformity of limbs. Ectromelia can manifest in various forms, ranging from minor limb reduction to the complete absence of a limb or limbs. This condition is a type of [[congenital anomaly]] that can occur due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both during fetal development. | '''Ectromelia''' is a significant medical condition primarily affecting the limbs, characterized by the congenital absence or significant shortening of one or more limbs. The term is derived from the Greek words ''ek'', meaning "out," and ''tromelia'', which refers to a deficiency or lack, thus directly pointing to the absence or deformity of limbs. Ectromelia can manifest in various forms, ranging from minor limb reduction to the complete absence of a limb or limbs. This condition is a type of [[congenital anomaly]] that can occur due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both during fetal development. | ||
==Causes and Risk Factors== | ==Causes and Risk Factors== | ||
The exact causes of ectromelia are not fully understood, but it is believed to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic mutations or chromosomal abnormalities can lead to the development of ectromelia. Environmental factors such as exposure to certain drugs, chemicals, or infections during pregnancy can also increase the risk of ectromelia in the fetus. Additionally, conditions like [[gestational diabetes]] and [[nutritional deficiencies]] during pregnancy are considered risk factors. | The exact causes of ectromelia are not fully understood, but it is believed to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic mutations or chromosomal abnormalities can lead to the development of ectromelia. Environmental factors such as exposure to certain drugs, chemicals, or infections during pregnancy can also increase the risk of ectromelia in the fetus. Additionally, conditions like [[gestational diabetes]] and [[nutritional deficiencies]] during pregnancy are considered risk factors. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Ectromelia can be classified based on the limbs affected and the extent of the limb reduction: | Ectromelia can be classified based on the limbs affected and the extent of the limb reduction: | ||
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* '''Phocomelia''': Characterized by the hands or feet being attached close to the trunk, with the long bones of the limbs either missing or underdeveloped. | * '''Phocomelia''': Characterized by the hands or feet being attached close to the trunk, with the long bones of the limbs either missing or underdeveloped. | ||
* '''Amelia''': The complete absence of one or more limbs. | * '''Amelia''': The complete absence of one or more limbs. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of ectromelia is often made through prenatal ultrasound, which can identify limb abnormalities before birth. Further diagnostic tests, such as [[genetic testing]] and [[amniocentesis]], may be conducted to determine the cause of the condition and to identify any associated genetic disorders. | Diagnosis of ectromelia is often made through prenatal ultrasound, which can identify limb abnormalities before birth. Further diagnostic tests, such as [[genetic testing]] and [[amniocentesis]], may be conducted to determine the cause of the condition and to identify any associated genetic disorders. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for ectromelia varies depending on the severity and type of limb deficiency. It may include: | Treatment for ectromelia varies depending on the severity and type of limb deficiency. It may include: | ||
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* '''Physical therapy''': To strengthen muscles and improve coordination. | * '''Physical therapy''': To strengthen muscles and improve coordination. | ||
* '''Occupational therapy''': To assist with daily activities and improve quality of life. | * '''Occupational therapy''': To assist with daily activities and improve quality of life. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for individuals with ectromelia largely depends on the severity of the limb deficiencies and the presence of other associated conditions. With appropriate treatment and support, many individuals with ectromelia lead active and fulfilling lives. | The prognosis for individuals with ectromelia largely depends on the severity of the limb deficiencies and the presence of other associated conditions. With appropriate treatment and support, many individuals with ectromelia lead active and fulfilling lives. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
The incidence of ectromelia varies worldwide and is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. It is considered a rare condition, but specific data on its prevalence are limited. | The incidence of ectromelia varies worldwide and is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. It is considered a rare condition, but specific data on its prevalence are limited. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Congenital anomalies]] | * [[Congenital anomalies]] | ||
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* [[Prosthetics]] | * [[Prosthetics]] | ||
* [[Physical therapy]] | * [[Physical therapy]] | ||
[[Category:Congenital disorders]] | [[Category:Congenital disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Limb deficiencies]] | [[Category:Limb deficiencies]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
{{Medicine-stub}} | {{Medicine-stub}} | ||
{{No image}} | {{No image}} | ||
Latest revision as of 01:41, 4 April 2025
| Ectromelia | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Mousepox |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Rash, fever, swelling of lymph nodes, lethargy |
| Complications | Death in severe cases |
| Onset | Sudden |
| Duration | Varies |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Ectromelia virus |
| Risks | Laboratory mice |
| Diagnosis | PCR, serology |
| Differential diagnosis | Smallpox, Cowpox |
| Prevention | Quarantine, vaccination |
| Treatment | Supportive care |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, often poor in unvaccinated populations |
| Frequency | Rare in the wild, more common in laboratory settings |
| Deaths | N/A |
Ectromelia is a significant medical condition primarily affecting the limbs, characterized by the congenital absence or significant shortening of one or more limbs. The term is derived from the Greek words ek, meaning "out," and tromelia, which refers to a deficiency or lack, thus directly pointing to the absence or deformity of limbs. Ectromelia can manifest in various forms, ranging from minor limb reduction to the complete absence of a limb or limbs. This condition is a type of congenital anomaly that can occur due to genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both during fetal development.
Causes and Risk Factors[edit]
The exact causes of ectromelia are not fully understood, but it is believed to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic mutations or chromosomal abnormalities can lead to the development of ectromelia. Environmental factors such as exposure to certain drugs, chemicals, or infections during pregnancy can also increase the risk of ectromelia in the fetus. Additionally, conditions like gestational diabetes and nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy are considered risk factors.
Classification[edit]
Ectromelia can be classified based on the limbs affected and the extent of the limb reduction:
- Monomelia: Involves only one limb.
- Hemimelia: Refers to the partial absence of a limb.
- Phocomelia: Characterized by the hands or feet being attached close to the trunk, with the long bones of the limbs either missing or underdeveloped.
- Amelia: The complete absence of one or more limbs.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of ectromelia is often made through prenatal ultrasound, which can identify limb abnormalities before birth. Further diagnostic tests, such as genetic testing and amniocentesis, may be conducted to determine the cause of the condition and to identify any associated genetic disorders.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for ectromelia varies depending on the severity and type of limb deficiency. It may include:
- Surgical intervention: To improve function or appearance of the affected limbs.
- Prosthetics: Use of artificial limbs to enhance mobility and independence.
- Physical therapy: To strengthen muscles and improve coordination.
- Occupational therapy: To assist with daily activities and improve quality of life.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for individuals with ectromelia largely depends on the severity of the limb deficiencies and the presence of other associated conditions. With appropriate treatment and support, many individuals with ectromelia lead active and fulfilling lives.
Epidemiology[edit]
The incidence of ectromelia varies worldwide and is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. It is considered a rare condition, but specific data on its prevalence are limited.
