Burns

Burns

Burns are injuries to the skin and other tissues caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation. Burns are classified based on their depth and the extent of the affected area. The severity of a burn injury can range from minor to life-threatening.

Classification

Burns are classified into three primary types based on their depth:

• First-degree burns: These affect only the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). They cause redness, pain, and minor swelling. An example is a mild sunburn.
• Second-degree burns: These affect both the outer layer and the underlying layer of the skin (dermis). They cause redness, pain, swelling, and blistering.
• Third-degree burns: These extend into deeper tissues, causing white or blackened, charred skin that may be numb due to nerve damage.

Causes

Burns can be caused by various sources, including:

• Thermal burns: Caused by contact with hot objects, flames, or scalding liquids.
• Electrical burns: Result from electrical currents passing through the body.
• Chemical burns: Caused by contact with acidic or alkaline substances.
• Radiation burns: Result from exposure to radiation, such as from the sun or medical treatments.
• Friction burns: Caused by skin rubbing against a rough surface.

Symptoms

The symptoms of burns vary depending on the severity and type of burn. Common symptoms include:

• Redness
• Pain
• Swelling
• Blisters
• Peeling skin
• White or charred skin (in severe cases)

Treatment

Treatment for burns depends on the severity and type of burn. General treatment measures include:

• First aid: Immediate cooling of the burn with cool (not cold) water, covering the burn with a clean cloth, and avoiding the use of ice or butter.
• Medications: Pain relievers, antibiotics, and topical ointments to prevent infection and promote healing.
• Surgery: In severe cases, surgical procedures such as skin grafts may be necessary to repair damaged tissues.
• Rehabilitation: Physical therapy and occupational therapy to improve mobility and function.

Prevention

Preventive measures to reduce the risk of burns include:

• Installing and maintaining smoke detectors
• Keeping hot objects and liquids out of reach of children
• Using protective gear when handling chemicals or working with fire
• Following safety guidelines for electrical appliances and equipment

Related Pages

• First-degree burn
• Second-degree burn
• Third-degree burn
• Thermal burn
• Electrical burn
• Chemical burn
• Radiation burn
• Friction burn
• Skin graft
• First aid

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