Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome | |||
| synonyms = [[Dancing eyes syndrome]], [[Kinsbourne syndrome]] | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Opsoclonus]], [[myoclonus]], [[ataxia]], [[irritability]], [[sleep disturbances]] | |||
| onset = Typically in [[infancy]] or [[early childhood]] | |||
| duration = Can be [[chronic]] | |||
| causes = Often associated with [[neuroblastoma]], [[viral infections]], or [[autoimmune disorders]] | |||
| risks = [[Paraneoplastic syndrome]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical diagnosis]], [[MRI]], [[CSF analysis]] | |||
| differential = [[Cerebellar ataxia]], [[encephalitis]], [[multiple sclerosis]] | |||
| treatment = [[Immunotherapy]], [[corticosteroids]], [[intravenous immunoglobulin]], [[plasmapheresis]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable; can range from full recovery to persistent symptoms | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A rare neurological disorder characterized by rapid, involuntary eye movements and muscle jerks}} | {{Short description|A rare neurological disorder characterized by rapid, involuntary eye movements and muscle jerks}} | ||
'''Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome''' (OMS) is a rare [[neurological disorder]] that is characterized by a combination of [[opsoclonus]], [[myoclonus]], [[ataxia]], and often severe [[behavioral changes]]. It is sometimes referred to as "dancing eyes-dancing feet syndrome" due to the characteristic symptoms of rapid, involuntary eye movements and muscle jerks. | '''Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome''' (OMS) is a rare [[neurological disorder]] that is characterized by a combination of [[opsoclonus]], [[myoclonus]], [[ataxia]], and often severe [[behavioral changes]]. It is sometimes referred to as "dancing eyes-dancing feet syndrome" due to the characteristic symptoms of rapid, involuntary eye movements and muscle jerks. | ||
==Signs and symptoms== | ==Signs and symptoms== | ||
The primary symptoms of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome include: | The primary symptoms of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome include: | ||
* '''Opsoclonus''': This refers to rapid, involuntary, and chaotic eye movements that occur in all directions. These movements are often described as "dancing eyes." | * '''Opsoclonus''': This refers to rapid, involuntary, and chaotic eye movements that occur in all directions. These movements are often described as "dancing eyes." | ||
* '''Myoclonus''': This involves sudden, brief, involuntary muscle jerks that can affect any part of the body, often described as "dancing feet." | * '''Myoclonus''': This involves sudden, brief, involuntary muscle jerks that can affect any part of the body, often described as "dancing feet." | ||
* '''Ataxia''': A lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements, which can affect gait and balance. | * '''Ataxia''': A lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements, which can affect gait and balance. | ||
* '''Behavioral changes''': These can include irritability, sleep disturbances, and cognitive dysfunction. | * '''Behavioral changes''': These can include irritability, sleep disturbances, and cognitive dysfunction. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome can be associated with several underlying causes, including: | Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome can be associated with several underlying causes, including: | ||
* '''Paraneoplastic syndrome''': OMS is often associated with [[neuroblastoma]] in children, where the immune system's response to the tumor mistakenly attacks the nervous system. | * '''Paraneoplastic syndrome''': OMS is often associated with [[neuroblastoma]] in children, where the immune system's response to the tumor mistakenly attacks the nervous system. | ||
* '''Infections''': Certain viral infections, such as those caused by [[Epstein-Barr virus]] or [[Coxsackievirus]], can trigger OMS. | * '''Infections''': Certain viral infections, such as those caused by [[Epstein-Barr virus]] or [[Coxsackievirus]], can trigger OMS. | ||
* '''Idiopathic''': In some cases, the cause of OMS is unknown. | * '''Idiopathic''': In some cases, the cause of OMS is unknown. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
The exact pathophysiology of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome is not fully understood. It is believed to involve an autoimmune process where the body's immune system attacks the nervous system, particularly affecting the [[cerebellum]] and brainstem, which are involved in coordinating movement and balance. | The exact pathophysiology of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome is not fully understood. It is believed to involve an autoimmune process where the body's immune system attacks the nervous system, particularly affecting the [[cerebellum]] and brainstem, which are involved in coordinating movement and balance. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic symptoms. Additional tests may include: | The diagnosis of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic symptoms. Additional tests may include: | ||
* '''Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)''': To rule out other neurological conditions. | * '''Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)''': To rule out other neurological conditions. | ||
* '''Lumbar puncture''': To analyze [[cerebrospinal fluid]] for signs of inflammation or infection. | * '''Lumbar puncture''': To analyze [[cerebrospinal fluid]] for signs of inflammation or infection. | ||
* '''Blood tests''': To check for antibodies that may indicate an autoimmune process. | * '''Blood tests''': To check for antibodies that may indicate an autoimmune process. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome often involves addressing the underlying cause, if known, and managing symptoms. Common treatments include: | Treatment of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome often involves addressing the underlying cause, if known, and managing symptoms. Common treatments include: | ||
* '''Immunotherapy''': Such as [[corticosteroids]], [[intravenous immunoglobulin]] (IVIG), or [[rituximab]] to modulate the immune response. | * '''Immunotherapy''': Such as [[corticosteroids]], [[intravenous immunoglobulin]] (IVIG), or [[rituximab]] to modulate the immune response. | ||
* '''Symptomatic treatment''': Medications such as [[clonazepam]] or [[valproic acid]] may be used to control myoclonus and ataxia. | * '''Symptomatic treatment''': Medications such as [[clonazepam]] or [[valproic acid]] may be used to control myoclonus and ataxia. | ||
* '''Physical therapy''': To improve coordination and balance. | * '''Physical therapy''': To improve coordination and balance. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome varies depending on the underlying cause and the response to treatment. In some cases, symptoms may resolve completely, while in others, they may persist or recur. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. | The prognosis of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome varies depending on the underlying cause and the response to treatment. In some cases, symptoms may resolve completely, while in others, they may persist or recur. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. | ||
==Related pages== | ==Related pages== | ||
* [[Neuroblastoma]] | * [[Neuroblastoma]] | ||
| Line 43: | Line 47: | ||
* [[Autoimmune disease]] | * [[Autoimmune disease]] | ||
* [[Cerebellum]] | * [[Cerebellum]] | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:17, 3 April 2025
| Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Dancing eyes syndrome, Kinsbourne syndrome |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Opsoclonus, myoclonus, ataxia, irritability, sleep disturbances |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Typically in infancy or early childhood |
| Duration | Can be chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Often associated with neuroblastoma, viral infections, or autoimmune disorders |
| Risks | Paraneoplastic syndrome |
| Diagnosis | Clinical diagnosis, MRI, CSF analysis |
| Differential diagnosis | Cerebellar ataxia, encephalitis, multiple sclerosis |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Immunotherapy, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable; can range from full recovery to persistent symptoms |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
A rare neurological disorder characterized by rapid, involuntary eye movements and muscle jerks
Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a rare neurological disorder that is characterized by a combination of opsoclonus, myoclonus, ataxia, and often severe behavioral changes. It is sometimes referred to as "dancing eyes-dancing feet syndrome" due to the characteristic symptoms of rapid, involuntary eye movements and muscle jerks.
Signs and symptoms[edit]
The primary symptoms of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome include:
- Opsoclonus: This refers to rapid, involuntary, and chaotic eye movements that occur in all directions. These movements are often described as "dancing eyes."
- Myoclonus: This involves sudden, brief, involuntary muscle jerks that can affect any part of the body, often described as "dancing feet."
- Ataxia: A lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements, which can affect gait and balance.
- Behavioral changes: These can include irritability, sleep disturbances, and cognitive dysfunction.
Causes[edit]
Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome can be associated with several underlying causes, including:
- Paraneoplastic syndrome: OMS is often associated with neuroblastoma in children, where the immune system's response to the tumor mistakenly attacks the nervous system.
- Infections: Certain viral infections, such as those caused by Epstein-Barr virus or Coxsackievirus, can trigger OMS.
- Idiopathic: In some cases, the cause of OMS is unknown.
Pathophysiology[edit]
The exact pathophysiology of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome is not fully understood. It is believed to involve an autoimmune process where the body's immune system attacks the nervous system, particularly affecting the cerebellum and brainstem, which are involved in coordinating movement and balance.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic symptoms. Additional tests may include:
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): To rule out other neurological conditions.
- Lumbar puncture: To analyze cerebrospinal fluid for signs of inflammation or infection.
- Blood tests: To check for antibodies that may indicate an autoimmune process.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome often involves addressing the underlying cause, if known, and managing symptoms. Common treatments include:
- Immunotherapy: Such as corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), or rituximab to modulate the immune response.
- Symptomatic treatment: Medications such as clonazepam or valproic acid may be used to control myoclonus and ataxia.
- Physical therapy: To improve coordination and balance.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis of opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome varies depending on the underlying cause and the response to treatment. In some cases, symptoms may resolve completely, while in others, they may persist or recur. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.
