Hodgkin lymphoma: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Hodgkin lymphoma | |||
| image = [[File:Hodgkin_lymphoma_cytology_large.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Cytology of Hodgkin lymphoma showing characteristic Reed-Sternberg cells | |||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Lymphadenopathy]], [[fever]], [[night sweats]], [[weight loss]] | |||
| onset = Typically young adults (ages 15-35) and older adults (over 55) | |||
| duration = Can be chronic | |||
| causes = Unknown, but associated with [[Epstein-Barr virus]] | |||
| risks = Family history, [[Epstein-Barr virus]] infection, [[HIV/AIDS]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Lymph node biopsy]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[infectious mononucleosis]], [[tuberculosis]] | |||
| treatment = [[Chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]], [[stem cell transplant]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment, 5-year survival rate over 85% | |||
| frequency = Approximately 2.7 per 100,000 people per year | |||
}} | |||
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Hodgkin lymphoma}} | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Hodgkin lymphoma}} | ||
'''Hodgkin lymphoma''' is a type of [[lymphoma]], which is a cancer originating from [[lymphocytes]], a type of [[white blood cell]]. It is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, which are large, abnormal lymphocytes that can be identified under a microscope. Hodgkin lymphoma is named after [[Thomas Hodgkin]], who first described the condition in 1832. | '''Hodgkin lymphoma''' is a type of [[lymphoma]], which is a cancer originating from [[lymphocytes]], a type of [[white blood cell]]. It is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, which are large, abnormal lymphocytes that can be identified under a microscope. Hodgkin lymphoma is named after [[Thomas Hodgkin]], who first described the condition in 1832. | ||
== Signs and Symptoms == | == Signs and Symptoms == | ||
The most common symptom of Hodgkin lymphoma is the painless swelling of [[lymph nodes]], often in the neck, armpits, or groin. Other symptoms may include fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. Some patients may experience itching or pain in the lymph nodes after consuming alcohol. | The most common symptom of Hodgkin lymphoma is the painless swelling of [[lymph nodes]], often in the neck, armpits, or groin. Other symptoms may include fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. Some patients may experience itching or pain in the lymph nodes after consuming alcohol. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
[[File:Reed-Sternberg_lymphocyte_nci-vol-7172-300.jpg|Reed-Sternberg cell|thumb | [[File:Reed-Sternberg_lymphocyte_nci-vol-7172-300.jpg|Reed-Sternberg cell|left|thumb]] | ||
Diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies, and biopsy. A biopsy of the affected lymph node is essential to confirm the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. Imaging studies such as [[CT scan]]s or [[PET scan]]s are used to determine the extent of the disease. | Diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies, and biopsy. A biopsy of the affected lymph node is essential to confirm the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. Imaging studies such as [[CT scan]]s or [[PET scan]]s are used to determine the extent of the disease. | ||
== Staging == | == Staging == | ||
Staging of Hodgkin lymphoma is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan. The stages are defined as follows: | Staging of Hodgkin lymphoma is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan. The stages are defined as follows: | ||
=== Stage I === | === Stage I === | ||
[[File:Diagram_showing_stage_1_Hogkin's_lymphoma_CRUK_191.svg|Stage 1 Hodgkin's lymphoma|thumb | [[File:Diagram_showing_stage_1_Hogkin's_lymphoma_CRUK_191.svg|Stage 1 Hodgkin's lymphoma|left|thumb]] | ||
In Stage I, the cancer is limited to a single lymph node region or a single extralymphatic organ or site. | In Stage I, the cancer is limited to a single lymph node region or a single extralymphatic organ or site. | ||
=== Stage II === | === Stage II === | ||
[[File:Diagram_showing_stage_2_Hodgkin's_lymphoma_CRUK_208.svg|Stage 2 Hodgkin's lymphoma|thumb | [[File:Diagram_showing_stage_2_Hodgkin's_lymphoma_CRUK_208.svg|Stage 2 Hodgkin's lymphoma|left|thumb]] | ||
Stage II indicates that the cancer is in two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm or has spread to a nearby extralymphatic organ. | Stage II indicates that the cancer is in two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm or has spread to a nearby extralymphatic organ. | ||
=== Stage III === | === Stage III === | ||
[[File:Diagram_showing_stage_3_Hodgkin's_lymphoma_CRUK_221.svg|Stage 3 Hodgkin's lymphoma|thumb | [[File:Diagram_showing_stage_3_Hodgkin's_lymphoma_CRUK_221.svg|Stage 3 Hodgkin's lymphoma|left|thumb]] | ||
In Stage III, the cancer is found in lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm, possibly including the spleen or a nearby extralymphatic organ. | In Stage III, the cancer is found in lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm, possibly including the spleen or a nearby extralymphatic organ. | ||
=== Stage IV === | === Stage IV === | ||
[[File:Diagram_showing_stage_4_Hodgkin's_lymphoma_CRUK_230.svg|Stage 4 Hodgkin's lymphoma|thumb | [[File:Diagram_showing_stage_4_Hodgkin's_lymphoma_CRUK_230.svg|Stage 4 Hodgkin's lymphoma|left|thumb]] | ||
Stage IV indicates that the cancer has spread to one or more extralymphatic organs, such as the liver, bone marrow, or lungs. | Stage IV indicates that the cancer has spread to one or more extralymphatic organs, such as the liver, bone marrow, or lungs. | ||
== Types == | == Types == | ||
Hodgkin lymphoma is classified into two main types: classical Hodgkin lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. | Hodgkin lymphoma is classified into two main types: classical Hodgkin lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. | ||
=== Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma === | === Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma === | ||
This is the most common type and includes subtypes such as nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-rich, and lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin lymphoma. | This is the most common type and includes subtypes such as nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-rich, and lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin lymphoma. | ||
=== Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma === | === Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma === | ||
[[File:Popcorn_cell_in_nodular_lymphocyte_predominant_Hodgkin_lymphoma_-_very_high_mag_cropped.jpg|Popcorn cell in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma|thumb | [[File:Popcorn_cell_in_nodular_lymphocyte_predominant_Hodgkin_lymphoma_-_very_high_mag_cropped.jpg|Popcorn cell in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma|left|thumb]] | ||
This type is less common and is characterized by the presence of "popcorn" cells, which are a variant of Reed-Sternberg cells. | This type is less common and is characterized by the presence of "popcorn" cells, which are a variant of Reed-Sternberg cells. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma typically involves a combination of [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]], and, in some cases, [[stem cell transplant]]s. The choice of treatment depends on the stage of the disease, the patient's overall health, and other factors. | Treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma typically involves a combination of [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]], and, in some cases, [[stem cell transplant]]s. The choice of treatment depends on the stage of the disease, the patient's overall health, and other factors. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The prognosis for Hodgkin lymphoma is generally favorable, with high cure rates, especially when diagnosed early. Advances in treatment have significantly improved survival rates over the past few decades. | The prognosis for Hodgkin lymphoma is generally favorable, with high cure rates, especially when diagnosed early. Advances in treatment have significantly improved survival rates over the past few decades. | ||
== Epidemiology == | == Epidemiology == | ||
[[File:Lymphomas,_multiple_myeloma_world_map_-_Death_-_WHO2004.svg|Global incidence of lymphomas|thumb | [[File:Lymphomas,_multiple_myeloma_world_map_-_Death_-_WHO2004.svg|Global incidence of lymphomas|left|thumb]] | ||
Hodgkin lymphoma is more common in young adults and has a bimodal age distribution, with peaks in young adulthood and later in life. It is slightly more common in males than females. | Hodgkin lymphoma is more common in young adults and has a bimodal age distribution, with peaks in young adulthood and later in life. It is slightly more common in males than females. | ||
== See also == | |||
== | |||
* [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] | * [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] | ||
* [[Lymphatic system]] | * [[Lymphatic system]] | ||
* [[Cancer]] | * [[Cancer]] | ||
[[Category:Hodgkin lymphoma]] | [[Category:Hodgkin lymphoma]] | ||
[[Category:Lymphoma]] | [[Category:Lymphoma]] | ||
[[Category:Hematology]] | [[Category:Hematology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:24, 7 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Hodgkin lymphoma | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Lymphadenopathy, fever, night sweats, weight loss |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Typically young adults (ages 15-35) and older adults (over 55) |
| Duration | Can be chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Unknown, but associated with Epstein-Barr virus |
| Risks | Family history, Epstein-Barr virus infection, HIV/AIDS |
| Diagnosis | Lymph node biopsy, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, infectious mononucleosis, tuberculosis |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplant |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment, 5-year survival rate over 85% |
| Frequency | Approximately 2.7 per 100,000 people per year |
| Deaths | N/A |
Hodgkin lymphoma is a type of lymphoma, which is a cancer originating from lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell. It is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, which are large, abnormal lymphocytes that can be identified under a microscope. Hodgkin lymphoma is named after Thomas Hodgkin, who first described the condition in 1832.
Signs and Symptoms[edit]
The most common symptom of Hodgkin lymphoma is the painless swelling of lymph nodes, often in the neck, armpits, or groin. Other symptoms may include fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, and fatigue. Some patients may experience itching or pain in the lymph nodes after consuming alcohol.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies, and biopsy. A biopsy of the affected lymph node is essential to confirm the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. Imaging studies such as CT scans or PET scans are used to determine the extent of the disease.
Staging[edit]
Staging of Hodgkin lymphoma is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan. The stages are defined as follows:
Stage I[edit]
In Stage I, the cancer is limited to a single lymph node region or a single extralymphatic organ or site.
Stage II[edit]
Stage II indicates that the cancer is in two or more lymph node regions on the same side of the diaphragm or has spread to a nearby extralymphatic organ.
Stage III[edit]
In Stage III, the cancer is found in lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm, possibly including the spleen or a nearby extralymphatic organ.
Stage IV[edit]
Stage IV indicates that the cancer has spread to one or more extralymphatic organs, such as the liver, bone marrow, or lungs.
Types[edit]
Hodgkin lymphoma is classified into two main types: classical Hodgkin lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma.
Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma[edit]
This is the most common type and includes subtypes such as nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-rich, and lymphocyte-depleted Hodgkin lymphoma.
Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma[edit]
This type is less common and is characterized by the presence of "popcorn" cells, which are a variant of Reed-Sternberg cells.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma typically involves a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and, in some cases, stem cell transplants. The choice of treatment depends on the stage of the disease, the patient's overall health, and other factors.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for Hodgkin lymphoma is generally favorable, with high cure rates, especially when diagnosed early. Advances in treatment have significantly improved survival rates over the past few decades.
Epidemiology[edit]
Hodgkin lymphoma is more common in young adults and has a bimodal age distribution, with peaks in young adulthood and later in life. It is slightly more common in males than females.
