List of autoimmune diseases: Difference between revisions

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This list of [[autoimmune diseases]] is categorized by [[organ (anatomy)|organ]] and tissue type to help locate diseases that may be similar.
{{Short description|List of diseases caused by autoimmunity}}
[[Autoimmune diseases]] are a group of disorders characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking the body's own tissues. This occurs when the immune system fails to distinguish between self and non-self, leading to inflammation and damage to various organs and tissues. Autoimmune diseases can affect almost any part of the body, and their symptoms can vary widely depending on the specific disease and the organs involved.


== Autoimmune diseases qualifiers ==
==List of Autoimmune Diseases==
Overview of the qualifiers for the list.
The following is a list of some of the most common and well-known autoimmune diseases:


{| class="wikitable"
===Systemic Autoimmune Diseases===
|-
* '''[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] (SLE)''': A chronic disease that can affect multiple organs, including the skin, joints, kidneys, and brain. It is characterized by periods of illness, called flares, and periods of remission.
|colspan=2 style="background:lightblue" | Other Qualifiers
* '''[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]''': An inflammatory disorder primarily affecting the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and potential joint destruction.
|-
* '''[[Sjögren's syndrome]]''': A condition that primarily affects the glands that produce tears and saliva, leading to dry eyes and mouth.
|A || "Accepted" in prior version of this table
* '''[[Scleroderma]]''': A group of diseases that cause hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues.
|-
|C || A disease, regarded as autoimmune, that is often found in individuals with another autoimmune condition. This designation is given to diseases that are classified by Rose and Bona as having "circumstantial" evidence of autoimmune etiology. Diseases in this list with a "C" are, therefore, actual autoimmune diseases, rather than comorbid symptoms, which appear [[#Autoimmune Comorbidities|after this list]].
|-
|E || Disease is an autoimmune response triggered by a specific environmental factor 
|-
|F || Disease is only caused by autoimmunity in only a fraction of those who suffer from it
|-
|I || Described as an autoinflammatory disease 
|-
|L || Evidence to indicate autoimmunity is extremely limited or circumstantial
|-
|M || Disease appears under Autoimmune Diseases in MeSH
|-
|N || Not listed in prior version of this table
|-
|R || Disease appeared in prior version but has been renamed. In renaming, precedence has been given to scientific names over those based on discoverers.  
|-
|S || "Suspected" in the prior version of this table
|-
|T || Disease has a known trigger, such as viral infection, vaccination, or injury
|-
|X || An extremely rare disease, which would suggest limited opportunity to study it and conclusively determine whether it is caused by autoimmunity
|-
|Y || Listed in the prior version of this table with "Accepted/Suspected" left blank
|}


== Autoimmune diseases ==
===Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases===
{{dynamic list}}
* '''[[Type 1 diabetes]]''': An autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
* '''[[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]]''': An autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism.
* '''[[Graves' disease]]''': An autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid.
* '''[[Celiac disease]]''': An autoimmune disorder where ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.


=== Major organs ===
===Neurological Autoimmune Diseases===
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
* '''[[Multiple sclerosis]]''': A disease in which the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers, causing communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body.
|-
* '''[[Myasthenia gravis]]''': A chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles.
! height:2px|Organ/Tissue Type
Disease Name
! height:2px|Level of Acceptance for Autoimmunity
! height:2px| [[Hypersensitivity]]
(I,II,III,IV)
! height:2px|ICD-9
Codes
! height:2px;class="unsortable"| Notes/Autoantibodies/Synonyms/Rare Variants
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightblue" id="Major Organs:Heart"|'''Heart'''
|-
|[[Myocarditis]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Root-Bernstein|first1=Robert|last2=Fairweather|first2=DeLisa|title=Unresolved issues in theories of autoimmune disease using myocarditis as a framework|journal=Journal of Theoretical Biology|date=December 2014|doi=10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.11.022|pmid=25484004|volume=375|pages=101–23|pmc=4417457}}<!--|accessdate=23 February 2015--></ref><ref name="The autoimmune diseases">{{cite book |editor-last1=MacKay |editor-first1=Ian R. |editor-last2=Rose |editor-first2=Noel Richard |title=The autoimmune diseases|date=2014|publisher=Academic Press|location=[S.l.]|isbn=978-0-12-384929-8|page=Chapter 70|edition=Fifth}}</ref>||Moderate, F, R, A||||{{ICD9|391.2}}{{ICD9|422}}{{ICD9|429.0}}||Synonyms: Autoimmune myocarditis, Autoimmune cardiomyopathy, Coxsackie myocarditis
|-
|[[Postmyocardial infarction syndrome]]<ref name="The autoimmune diseases"/>||Limited, R, Y||||{{ICD9|411.0}}||Autoantibodies: Myocardial neo-antigens formed as a result of the MI. <br />Synonym: Dressler's syndrome
|-
|[[Postpericardiotomy syndrome]]||Limited, N||||{{ICD9|429.4}}||
|-
|[[Subacute bacterial endocarditis]] (SBE)<ref name="pmid9402102">{{citation |journal=Journal of the American Society of Nephrology |volume=8 |issue=12 |pages=1971–6 | title=Subacute bacterial endocarditis masquerading as type III essential mixed | date=December 1997 |pmid=9402102 |doi= |url=http://jasn.asnjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=9402102 |vauthors=Agarwal A, Clements J, Sedmak DD |display-authors=etal}}</ref>||Limited, Y||III||{{ICD9|421.0}}||Autoantibodies: essential mixed cryoglobulinemia.
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightblue" id="Major Organs:Kidney"|'''Kidney'''
|-
|[[Goodpasture syndrome|Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane nephritis]]<ref name = "Mesh"/>||Moderate, R, M, A||II||{{ICD9|446.21}}||Autoantibodies: Anti-Basement Membrane Collagen Type IV Protein. <br />Synonyms: Goodpastures Syndrome, Glomerulonephritis Type 1
|-
|[[Interstitial cystitis]]<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kárpáti F, Dénes L, Büttner K | title = [Interstitial cystitis=autoimmune cyatitis? Interstitial as a participating disease in lupus erythematosus] | language = German | journal = Zeitschrift für Urologie und Nephrologie | volume = 68 | issue = 9 | pages = 633–9 | year = 1975 | pmid = 1227191 | doi =  }}</ref>||Limited, S||||{{ICD9|595.1}}||Mast cells.
|-
|[[Lupus nephritis]]||Comorbidity, N||||{{ICD9|583.81}}||A comorbidity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightblue" id="Major Organs:Liver"|'''Liver'''
|-
|[[Autoimmune hepatitis]]<ref name="pmid18528935">{{cite journal|vauthors=Bogdanos DP, Invernizzi P, Mackay IR, Vergani D |title=Autoimmune liver serology: Current diagnostic and clinical challenges |journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology |volume=14 |issue=21 |pages=3374–3387 |date=June 2008 |pmid=18528935 |pmc=2716592 |doi=10.3748/wjg.14.3374 |url=http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/14/3374.asp |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929090419/http://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/14/3374.asp |archivedate=2011-09-29 }}</ref><ref name="urlautoimmune hepatitis">{{cite web |url=http://www.meddean.luc.edu/Lumen/MedEd/orfpath/autoimmune%20hepatitis.htm |title=autoimmune hepatitis |website= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="urlMedscape & eMedicine Log In">{{cite web |url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/445619_14 |title=Medscape & eMedicine Log In |website= |accessdate=}}</ref>||Moderate, A||cell-mediated||{{ICD9|571.42}}||Autoantibodies: ANA and SMA, LKM-1, LKM-2 or LKM-3; antibodies against soluble liver antigen (anti-SLA, anti-LP) no autoantibodies detected (~20%)[citation needed]. <br />Synonym: Lupoid hepatitis
|-
|[[Primary biliary cholangitis]] (PBC)<ref name="titlePrimary Biliary Cirrhosis: Fatty Liver, Cirrhosis, and Related Disorders: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook">{{cite web |url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/liver_and_gallbladder_disorders/fatty_liver_cirrhosis_and_related_disorders/primary_biliary_cirrhosis.html |title=Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: Fatty Liver, Cirrhosis, and Related Disorders: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook |accessdate=2008-04-05 |website=}}</ref><ref name="Franceschini2005" /><ref name="Franceschini2005a" /><ref name="Goeb2007" />||Moderate, A||||{{ICD9|571.6}}||Autoantibodies: Anti-p62, Anti-sp100, Anti-Mitochondrial(M2), Anti-Ro aka SSA.<br />Note that Sjogren's is classified in some places (e.g. MeSH) as rheumatoid disease, but there is no published evidence to support that classification.
|-
|[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]]||Limited, Y||||{{ICD9|576.1}}||Possible overlap with primary biliary cirrhosis.<br /> Autoantibodies: HLA-DR52a.  
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightblue" id="Major Organs:Lung"|'''Lung'''
|-
|[[Antisynthetase syndrome]]||Limited, Y||||{{ICD9|279.49}}||
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightblue" id="Major Organs:Skin"|'''Skin'''
|-
|[[Alopecia areata|Alopecia Areata]]<ref>American Academy of Dermatology, {{cite web|url=http://www.aad.org/public/publications/pamphlets/common_alopecia.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-07-16 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706154955/http://www.aad.org/public/publications/pamphlets/common_alopecia.html |archivedate=2010-07-06 }}</ref><ref>HtmlThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, http://www.mdanderson.org/patient-and-cancer-information/cancer-information/cancer-types/alopecia-areata/index.html</ref>||Moderate, A||||{{ICD9|704.01}}||Autoantibodies: T-cells. <br />Synonyms:  Alopecia areata - Patchy, Totalis, Universalis
|-
|[[Angioedema|Autoimmune Angioedema]]<ref name="Sieper J, Braun J, Rudwaleit M, Boonen A, Zink A 2002 iii8">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sieper J, Braun J, Rudwaleit M, Boonen A, Zink A | title = Ankylosing spondylitis: an overview | journal = Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases | volume = 61 | issue = 3 | pages = iii8–18 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12381506 | pmc = 1766729 | doi = 10.1136/ard.61.suppl_3.iii8 }}</ref>||Limited, F, N||||{{ICD9|277.6 }}{{ICD9|995.1}}||
|-
|[[Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis]]||Limited, X, A||||{{ICD9|279.49}}||
|-
|[[Urticaria|Autoimmune urticaria]]<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Soundararajan S, Kikuchi Y, Kusumam J, Kaplan AP |title=Functional &#124; assessment of pathogenic IgG subclass in chronic autoimmune urticaria |journal=The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology|volume=115 |issue=4 |pages=815–21 |year=2004 |doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.1120|pmid=15806004 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Goh|first1=CL|last2=Tan|first2=KT|title=Chronic autoimmune urticaria : Where we stand ?|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology|date=2009|volume=54|issue=3|pages=269–74|doi=10.4103/0019-5154.55640|pmid=20161862|pmc=2810697}}</ref>||Comorbidity, A||||{{ICD9|708}}||
|-
|[[Bullous pemphigoid]]<ref name="urlAutoimmune Disorders: Immune Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition">{{cite web |url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/immune_disorders/autoimmune_disorders/autoimmune_disorders.html |title=Autoimmune Disorders: Immune Disorders: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook |website= |accessdate=}}</ref> ||Moderate, Y||||{{ICD9|694.5}}||Autoantibodies: IgG autoantibodies targeting the type XVII collagen component of hemidesmosomes.
|-
|[[Cicatricial pemphigoid]]||Limited, R, X, Y||||{{ICD9|694.61}}||precipitates C3. <br />Autoantibodies: anti-BP-1, anti-BP-2. <br />Synonyms:  Benign Mucosal Pemphigoid, Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
|-
|[[Dermatitis herpetiformis]]<ref name="Kumar12-6"/>||Moderate, C, Y||||{{ICD9|694.0}}||Autoantibodies: IgA Eosinophilia; anti-epidermal transglutaminase antibodies.
|-
|[[Discoid lupus erythematosus]]<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Toro JR, Finlay D, Dou X, Zheng SC, LeBoit PE, Connoly KM |title= Detection of Type 1 Cytokines in Discoid Lupus Erythematosus |journal=Archives of Dermatology |volume=136 |issue= 12|pages=1497–1501|doi=10.1001/archderm.136.12.1497|pmid= 11115160 |year= 2000 }}</ref>||Limited, Y||III||{{ICD9|695.4}}||IL-2 and IFN-gamma.
|-
|[[Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita]]||Moderate, Y||||{{ICD9|694.8}}||COL7A1.
|-
|[[Erythema nodosum]]||Limited, F, Y||||{{ICD9|695.2}}||
|-
|[[Gestational pemphigoid]]||Limited, R, Y||||{{ICD9|646.8}}||Autoantibodies: IgG and C3 misdirected antibodies intended to protect the placenta.  
|-
|[[Hidradenitis suppurativa]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00329823 |title=Clinical Trial: Etanercept in Hidradenitis Suppurativa |accessdate=2007-07-08 |website=}}</ref>||Limited, C, S||||{{ICD9|705.83}}||
|-
|[[Lichen planus]]||Limited, Y||||{{ICD9|697.0}}||
|-
|[[Lichen sclerosus]]||Limited, C, Y||||{{ICD9|701.0}}||
|-
|[[Linear IgA disease]] (LAD)<ref name="Andrews">James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Saunders. {{ISBN|0-7216-2921-0}}.</ref>||Moderate, Y||||{{ICD9|646.8}}||
|-
|[[Morphea]]<ref name="pmid15561734">{{cite journal |vauthors=Takehara K, Sato S | title=Localized scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder |journal=Rheumatology |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=274–9 |year=2005 |pmid=15561734 |doi=10.1093/rheumatology/keh487 }}</ref> ||Limited, C, S||||{{ICD9|701.0}}||
|-
|[[Pemphigus vulgaris]]<ref name = "Mesh"/><ref name="Kumar12-6"/> ||Moderate, M, A||II||{{ICD9|694.4}}||Autoantibodies: Anti-Desmoglein 3 eosinophilia.
|-
|[[Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta]]||Limited, C||||{{ICD9|696.2}}||
|-
|[[Mucha-Habermann disease]]||Limited, C, Y||||{{ICD9|696.2}}||T-cells. <br />Synonyms:  Pityriasis lichenoides, varioliformis acuta
|-
|[[Psoriasis]]<ref>National Psoriasis Foundation, http://www.psoriasis.org/home/learn01.php</ref>||Moderate, A||IV?||{{ICD9|696}}||CD-8 T-cells, HLA-Cw6, IL-12b, IL-23b, TNFalpha, NF-κB.
|-
|[[Systemic scleroderma]]<ref name="pmid15561734"/><ref name=JimenezDerk>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jimenez SA, Derk CT | title = Following the molecular pathways toward an understanding of the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis | journal = Annals of Internal Medicine | volume = 140 | issue = 1 | pages = 37–50 | year = 2004 | pmid = 14706971 | doi = 10.7326/0003-4819-140-2-200401200-00013 }}</ref>  ||Limited, R, S||||{{ICD9|710.1}}||COL1A2 and TGF-β1. <br />Autoantibodies: Anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-centromere and anti-scl70/anti-topoisomerase antibodies. <br />Synonyms: Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, Systemic sclerosis, Scleroderma
|-
|[[Vitiligo]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.niams.nih.gov/hi/topics/vitiligo/vitiligo.htm |title=Questions and Answers about Vitiligo |accessdate=2007-08-06 |website=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://dermatology.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2007/330/1 |title=A New Gene Linked to Vitiligo and Susceptibility to Autoimmune Disorders - Journal Watch Dermatology |accessdate=2007-08-06 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070903191751/http://dermatology.jwatch.org/cgi/content/full/2007/330/1| archivedate= 3 September 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>||Limited, C, S||||{{ICD9|709.01}}||NALP-1 RERE, PTPN22, LPP, IL2RA, GZMB, UBASH3A and C1QTNF6.
|}


=== Glands ===
===Gastrointestinal Autoimmune Diseases===
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
* '''[[Inflammatory bowel disease]] (IBD)''': Includes [[Crohn's disease]] and [[ulcerative colitis]], both of which involve chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.
|-
! height:2px|Organ/Tissue Type
Disease Name
! height:2px|Level of Acceptance for Autoimmunity
! height:2px| [[Hypersensitivity]]
(I,II,III,IV)
! height:2px|ICD-9
Codes
! height:2px;class="unsortable"| Notes/Autoantibodies/Synonyms/Rare Variants
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightgreen" id="Glands:Endocrine"|'''Endocrine'''
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightblue" id="Glands:Endocrine:Adrenal Gland"|'''Adrenal Gland'''
|-
|[[Addison's disease]]<ref name="Mesh">{{MeshName|Autoimmune+Diseases}}</ref>||Moderate, F, Y||||{{ICD9|255 }}||Autoantibodies: 21 hydroxylase.
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightblue" id="Glands:Endocrine:Multi-glandular"|'''Multi-Glandular'''
|-
|[[Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome|Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS) type 1]]||Moderate, A||Unknown or multiple||{{ICD9|258.1}}||Synonyms: Whitaker's Syndrome, Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), Addisons Disease, Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome 1 (PGAS-1).
|-
|[[Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2|Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS) type 2]]<ref name="pmid10664529">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Carmo Silva R, Kater CE, Dib SA, Laureti S, Forini F, Cosentino A, Falorni A | title = Autoantibodies against recombinant human steroidogenic enzymes 21-hydroxylase, side-chain cleavage and 17alpha-hydroxylase in Addison's disease and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type III | journal = European Journal of Endocrinology | volume = 142 | issue = 2 | pages = 187–94 | date = February 2000 | pmid = 10664529 | doi = 10.1530/eje.0.1420187 | url = http://eje-online.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10664529 | accessdate = 2008-07-25 }}</ref>||Moderate, A||||{{ICD9|258.1}}||DQ2, DQ8 and DRB1*0404. <br />Autoantibodies: anti-21 hydroxylase, anti-17 hydroxylase. <br />Synonyms: Schmidt syndrome, Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome 2 (PGAS-2).
|-
|[[Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3|Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS) type 3]]||Moderate, A||||{{ICD9|258.1}}||Synonym: Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome 3 (PGAS-3).
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightblue" id="Glands:Endocrine:Pancreas"|'''Pancreas'''
|-
|[[Autoimmune pancreatitis]] (AIP)||Moderate, A||||{{ICD9|577.1}}||Autoantibodies: ANA, anti-lactoferrin antibodies, anti-carbonic anhydrase antibodies, rheumatoid factor.
|-
|[[Diabetes mellitus type 1]]<ref name = "Mesh"/>||Moderate, A||IV||{{ICD9|250.01}}||HLA-DR3, HLA-DR4. <br />Autoantibodies: Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), islet cell antibodies (ICA), insulinoma-associated autoantibodies (IA-2), anti-insulin antibodies.
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightblue" id="Glands:Endocrine:Thyroid Gland"|'''Thyroid Gland'''
|-
|[[Autoimmune thyroiditis]]||Strong, A||IV||{{ICD9|245.8}}||HLADR5, CTLA-4. <br />Autoantibodies: Antibodies against thyroid peroxidase and/or thyroglobulin. <br />Synonyms: Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
|-
|[[Ord's thyroiditis]]||Moderate, Y||||{{ICD9|245.8}}||
|-
|[[Graves' disease]]<ref name = "Mesh"/>||Moderate, M, A||II||{{ICD9|242.0}}||Autoantibodies: Thyroid autoantibodies (TSHR-Ab) that activate the TSH-receptor (TSHR).
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightgreen" id="Glands:Exocrine"|'''Exocrine'''
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightblue" id="Glands:Exocrine:Reproductive Organs"|'''Reproductive Organs'''
|-
|[[Autoimmune Oophoritis]]||Moderate, N||||{{ICD9|614.2}}||
|-
|[[Endometriosis]]<ref>{{cite journal|authorlink1=Norbert Gleicher |vauthors=Gleicher N, el-Roeiy A, Confino E, Friberg J | title = Is endometriosis an autoimmune disease? | journal = Obstetrics and Gynecology | volume = 70 | issue = 1 | pages = 115–22 | year = 1987 | pmid = 3110710 | doi =  }}</ref>||Limited, S||||{{ICD9|617.0}}||
|-
|[[Autoimmune orchitis]]||Limited, N||||{{ICD9|604.0}}||
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightblue" id="Glands:Exocrine:Salivary Glands"|'''Salivary Glands'''
|-
|[[Sjogren's syndrome]]<ref name = "Mesh"/><ref name="Franceschini2005" /><ref name="Franceschini2005a" /><ref name="Goeb2007" />||Moderate, A||||{{ICD9|710.2}}||Autoantibodies: Anti-Ro (often present also in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus).
|}


=== Digestive system ===
===Skin Autoimmune Diseases===
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
* '''[[Psoriasis]]''': A condition in which skin cells build up and form scales and itchy, dry patches.
|-
* '''[[Vitiligo]]''': A disease that causes the loss of skin color in blotches.
! height:2px|Organ/Tissue Type
Disease Name
! height:2px|Level of Acceptance for Autoimmunity
! height:2px| [[Hypersensitivity]]
(I,II,III,IV)
! height:2px|ICD-9
Codes
! height:2px;class="unsortable"| Notes/Autoantibodies/Synonyms/Rare Variants
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightgreen" id="Digestive System Diseases"|'''Digestive System'''
|-
|[[Autoimmune enteropathy]]||Moderate, X, Y||||{{None}}||
|-
|[[Coeliac disease]]<ref name="urlCeliac Disease">{{cite web |url=http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/celiac/#1 |title=Celiac Disease |website= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16234635">{{cite journal | author = Meize-Grochowski R | title = Celiac disease: a multisystem autoimmune disorder | journal = Gastroenterology Nursing | volume = 28 | issue = 5 | pages = 394–402; quiz 403–4 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16234635 | doi = 10.1097/00001610-200509000-00005 | url = http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=1042-895X&volume=28&issue=5&spage=394 }}</ref><ref name="pmid16214317">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sollid LM, Jabri B | title = Is celiac disease an autoimmune disorder? | journal = Current Opinion in Immunology | volume = 17 | issue = 6 | pages = 595–600 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16214317 | doi = 10.1016/j.coi.2005.09.015 }}</ref>||Moderate, A,E||IV??||{{ICD9|579.0}}||HLA-DQ8 and DQ2.5. <br />Autoantibodies: Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies, anti-endomysial IgA, anti-gliadin IgA.  
|-
|[[Crohn's disease]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dessein|first1=R|last2=Chamaillard|first2=M|last3=Danese|first3=S|title=Innate immunity in Crohn's disease: the reverse side of the medal.|journal=Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology|date=Sep 2008|volume=42 Suppl 3 Pt 1|pages=S144–7|pmid=18806708|doi=10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181662c90}}</ref>||Moderate, Y||IV||{{ICD9|555}}||Innate immunity; Th17; Th1; ATG16L1; CARD15; XBP1.
|-
|[[Microscopic colitis]]||Limited, S||||{{ICD9|558.9}}||
|-
|[[Ulcerative colitis]]<ref name="Mesh" /> ||Limited, A||IV||{{ICD9|556}}||
|}


=== Tissue ===
==Pathophysiology==
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
Autoimmune diseases arise from a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role, with certain [[HLA]] (human leukocyte antigen) types being associated with increased risk. Environmental triggers such as infections, stress, and exposure to certain chemicals can also contribute to the onset of autoimmune diseases. The exact mechanisms vary between diseases but often involve the production of [[autoantibodies]] and [[autoreactive T cells]] that target specific tissues.
|-
! height:2px|Organ/Tissue Type
Disease Name
! height:2px|Level of Acceptance for Autoimmunity
! height:2px| [[Hypersensitivity]]
(I,II,III,IV)
! height:2px|ICD-9
Codes
! height:2px;class="unsortable"| Notes/Autoantibodies/Synonyms/Rare Variants
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightgreen" id="Tissue:Blood"|'''Blood'''
|-
|[[Antiphospholipid syndrome]] (APS, APLS)<ref name="Mesh"/>||Moderate, M, A||||{{ICD9|289.81}}||HLA-DR7, HLA-B8, HLA-DR2, HLA-DR3. <br />Autoantibodies: Anti-cardiolipin; anti-pyruvate dehydrogenase; β2 glycoprotein I; phosphatidylserine; anti-apoH; Annexin A5.<br />Synonym: Hughes syndrome.
|-
|[[Aplastic anemia]]||Limited, F, Y||||{{ICD9|284}}||
|-
|[[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]]||Moderate, M, A||II||{{ICD9|283.0}}||Complement activation.
|-
|[[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]]||Moderate, A||||{{ICD9|279.41}}||TNFRSF6; defective Fas-CD95 apoptosis. <br />Synonym: Canale-Smith syndrome.
|-
|[[Autoimmune neutropenia]]||Moderate, F, N||||{{ICD9|288.09}}||
|-
|[[Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura]]<ref name = "Mesh"/> ||Moderate, M, R, A||||{{ICD9|287.31}}||Autoantibodies: Anti gpIIb-IIIa or 1b-IX. <br />Synonym: Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
|-
|[[Cold agglutinin disease]]||Moderate, M, A||II||{{ICD9|283.0}}||Idiopathic or secondary to leukemia or infection. <br />Autoantibodies: IgM. <br />Synonym: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
|-
|[[Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia]]||Limited, C, Y||||{{ICD9|273.2}}||
|-
|[[Evans syndrome]]||Moderate, Y||||{{ICD9|287.32}}||Syndrome with a combination of hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenic purpura
|-
|[[Pernicious anemia]]<ref name="titleMedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pernicious anemia">{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000569.htm |title=MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Pernicious anemia |accessdate=2008-04-05 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080509193114/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000569.htm| archivedate= 9 May 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> ||Moderate, A||II||{{ICD9|281.0}}||Autoantibodies: Anti-parietal cell antibody.
|-
|[[Pure red cell aplasia]]||Limited, Y||||{{ICD9|284.81}}||
|-
|[[Thrombocytopenia]]<ref name=Moake2004>{{cite journal | author = Moake JL | title = von Willebrand factor, ADAMTS-13, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura | journal = Seminars in Hematology | volume = 41 | issue = 1 | pages = 4–14 | year = 2004 | pmid = 14727254 | doi = 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2003.10.003 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Mueller-Eckhardt C, Kiefel V, Grubert A, Kroll H, Weisheit M, Schmidt S, Mueller-Eckhardt G, Santoso S | title = 348 cases of fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia | journal = The Lancet | volume = 1 | issue = 8634 | pages = 363–6 | year = 1989 | pmid = 2563515 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)91733-9 | url =  }}</ref>||Limited, F, Y||II||{{ICD9|287.5}}||Multiple mechanisms. <br />Autoantibodies: Glycoproteins IIb-IIIa or Ib-IX in ITP anti-ADAMTS13 in TTP. and HUS anti-cardiolipin (anti-cardiolipin antibodies) and β2 glycoprotein I in Antiphospholipid syndrome; anti-HPA-1a, anti-HPA-5b, and others in NAIT. <br />Synonyms: Neonatal thrombocytopenia
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightgreen" id="Tissue:Connective Tissue, Systemic, and Multi-Organ"|'''Connective Tissue, Systemic, and Multi-Organ'''
|-
|[[Adiposis dolorosa]]<ref name="pmid17448013">{{cite journal |vauthors=Singal A, Janiga JJ, Bossenbroek NM, Lim HW | title = Dercum's disease (adiposis dolorosa): a report of improvement with infliximab and methotrexate | journal = Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology | volume = 21 | issue = 5 | page = 717 | date = May 2007 | pmid = 17448013 | doi = 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.02021.x | url = http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0926-9959&date=2007&volume=21&issue=5&spage=717 }}</ref>||Limited, L, S||||{{ICD9|272.8}}||Lipoid tissue. <br />Synonym: Dercum's disease
|-
|[[Adult-onset Still's disease]]<ref name="pmid12746913">{{cite journal |vauthors=De Benedetti F, Meazza C, Vivarelli M, Rossi F, Pistorio A, Lamb R, Lunt M, Thomson W, Ravelli A, Donn R, Martini A | title = Functional and prognostic relevance of the -173 polymorphism of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene in systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis | journal = Arthritis & Rheumatology | volume = 48 | issue = 5 | pages = 1398–407 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12746913 | doi = 10.1002/art.10882 }}</ref>||Moderate, Y||||{{ICD9|714.2}}||Macrophage migration inhibitory factor. <br />Autoantibodies: ANA.
|-
|[[Ankylosing spondylitis]]<ref name="Sieper J, Braun J, Rudwaleit M, Boonen A, Zink A 2002 iii8"/>||Limited, S||||{{ICD9|720.0}}||CD8; HLA-B27.
|-
|[[CREST syndrome]]||Limited, Y||||{{ICD9|710.1}}||Autoantibodies: Anti-centromere antibodies Anti-nuclear antibodies.
|-
|[[Drug-induced lupus]]||Moderate, Y||||{{ICD9|710.0}}||Autoantibodies: Anti-histone antibodies.
|-
|[[Enthesitis|Enthesitis-related arthritis]]<ref name="PMID20606622">{{cite journal |author=Colbert RA|title=Classification of juvenile spondyloarthritis: Enthesitis-related arthritis and beyond|journal=Nature Reviews Rheumatology |volume=6 |issue=8| pages=477–85 |doi=10.1038/nrrheum.2010.103 |pmid=20606622|year=2010 |pmc=2994189}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Viswanath V, Myles A, Dayal R, Aggarwal A |title=Levels of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 Correlate with Disease Activity in the Enthesitis-related Arthritis Category of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis |journal= The Journal of Rheumatology }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Myles A, Aggarwal A | title = Expression of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 is increased in peripheral blood and synovial fluid monocytes of patients with enthesitis-related arthritis subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis | journal = Rheumatology | volume = 50 | issue = 3 | pages = 481–8 | date = March 2011 | pmid = 21097451 | doi = 10.1093/rheumatology/keq362 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hinks A, Martin P, Flynn E, Eyre S, Packham J, Barton A, Worthington J, Thomson W | title = Subtype specific genetic associations for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: ERAP1 with the enthesitis related arthritis subtype and IL23R with juvenile psoriatic arthritis | journal = [[Arthritis Research & Therapy]] | volume = 13 | issue = 1 | page = R12 | year = 2001 | pmid = 21281511 | pmc = 3241356 | doi = 10.1186/ar3235 }}</ref>||Limited, C, Y||||||MMP3, TRLR2, TLR4, ERAP1. <br />A subtype of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis.
|-
|[[Eosinophilic fasciitis]]||Limited, F, A||||{{ICD9|728.89}}||Synonym: Shulman's syndrome
|-
|[[Felty syndrome]]<ref name="Breedveld">{{cite journal |vauthors=FC Lafeber GJ, de Vries E, van Krieken JH, Cats A | year = 1986 | title = Immune complexes and the pathogenesis of neutropenia in Felty's syndrome | doi = 10.1136/ard.45.8.696 | pmid = 3740999 | journal = Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases | volume = 45 | issue = 8| pages = 696–702 | pmc = 1001970 }}</ref>||Strong, M, Y||||{{ICD9|714.1}}||
|-
|[[IgG4-related disease]]||Limited, C, N||||||Characteristic histological features (storiform fibrosis, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, obliterative phlebitis) are required for definitive diagnosis.<br />Synonyms: IgG4-related systemic disease, IgG4-related sclerosing disease, IgG4-related systemic sclerosing disease, IgG4-related autoimmune disease, IgG4-associated multifocal systemic fibrosis, IgG4-associated disease, IgG4 syndrome, Hyper-IgG4 disease, Systemic IgG4-related plasmacytic syndrome.
|-
|[[Juvenile arthritis]]<ref name="pmid12746913"/>||Strong, M, R, Y||||{{ICD9|714.30}}||Autoantibodies: inconsistent ANA, Rheumatoid factor. <br />Synonyms: Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
|-
|[[Chronic Lyme disease|Lyme disease (chronic)]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Borchers|first1=Andrea T.|last2=Keen|first2=Carl L.|last3=Huntley|first3=Arthur C.|last4=Gershwin|first4=M. Eric|title=Lyme disease: A rigorous review of diagnostic criteria and treatment|journal=Journal of Autoimmunity|date=February 2015|volume=57|pages=82–115|doi=10.1016/j.jaut.2014.09.004|pmid=25451629}}<!--|accessdate=23 February 2015--></ref>||Limited, L, T, N||||{{ICD9|088.81}}||
|-
|[[Mixed connective tissue disease]] (MCTD)<ref name = "Mesh"/>||Moderate, M, A||||{{ICD9|710.8}}||HLA-DR4. <br />Autoantibodies: Anti-nuclear antibody, anti-U1-RNP.
|-
|[[Palindromic rheumatism]]<ref name="pmid18412310">{{cite journal | vauthors = Powell A, Davis P, Jones N, Russell AS | title = Palindromic rheumatism is a common disease: comparison of new-onset palindromic rheumatism compared to new-onset rheumatoid arthritis in a 2-year cohort of patients | journal = The Journal of Rheumatology | volume = 35 | issue = 6 | pages = 992–4 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18412310 | url = http://www.jrheum.com/subscribers/08/06/992.html | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111001214949/http://www.jrheum.com/subscribers/08/06/992.html | archivedate = 2011-10-01 }}</ref>||Limited, Y||||{{ICD9|719.3}}||Autoantibodies: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and antikeratin antibodies (AKA). <br />Synonym: Hench-Rosenberg syndrome.
|-
|[[Parry Romberg syndrome]]||Limited, Y||||{{ICD9|349.89}}{{ICD9|351.8}}||Autoantibodies: ANA.
|-
|[[Parsonage-Turner syndrome]]||Limited, Y||||{{ICD9|353.5}}||
|-
|[[Psoriatic arthritis]]<ref>National Psoriasis Foundation, http://www.psoriasis.org/home/learn02.php</ref> ||Moderate, C, A||IV?||{{ICD9|696.0}}||HLA-B27.
|-
|[[Reactive arthritis]]||Limited, C, F, Y||||{{ICD9|099.3}}||Synonym: Reiter's syndrome
|-
|[[Relapsing polychondritis]]<ref name=ADCTmmhe>{{cite web |url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone_joint_and_muscle_disorders/autoimmune_disorders_of_connective_tissue/relapsing_polychondritis.html |title=Relapsing Polychondritis: Autoimmune Disorders of Connective Tissue: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook |website= |accessdate=}}</ref>||Strong, A||||{{ICD9|733.99}}||Synonyms: Atrophic polychondritis, systemic chondromalacia, chronic atrophic polychondritis, Meyenburg-Altherr-Uehlinger syndrome, generalized chondromalacia, systemic chondromalacia
|-
|[[Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]||Limited, Y||||{{ICD9|593.4}}||
|-
|[[Rheumatic fever]]<ref name=Girschick2008>{{cite journal |vauthors=Girschick HJ, Guilherme L, Inman RD, Latsch K, Rihl M, Sherer Y, Shoenfeld Y, Zeidler H, Arienti S, Doria A | title = Bacterial triggers and autoimmune rheumatic diseases | journal = Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology | volume = 26 | issue = 1 Suppl 48 | pages = S12–7 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18570749 | doi =  | url =  }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Faé KC, da Silva DD, Oshiro SE, Tanaka AC, Pomerantzeff PM, Douay C, Charron D, Toubert A, Cunningham MW, Kalil J, Guilherme L | title = Mimicry in recognition of cardiac myosin peptides by heart-intralesional T cell clones from rheumatic heart disease | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 176 | issue = 9 | pages = 5662–70 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16622036 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.176.9.5662 }}</ref>||Moderate, T, A||II||{{ICD9|390}}||Autoantibodies: Streptococcal M protein cross reacts with human myosin.
|-
|[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]<ref name="Mesh"/> ||Strong, M, A||III||{{ICD9|714}}||HLA-DR4, PTPN22, depleted B cells, TNF alpha, IL-17, (also maybe IL-1, 6, and 15). <br />Autoantibodies: Rheumatoid factor (anti-IgGFc), Anti-MCV, ACPAs(Vimentin).
|-
|[[Sarcoidosis]]<ref name="urleMedicine - Hypersensitivity Reactions, Delayed : Article by Walter Duane Hinshaw">{{cite web |url=http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic1100.htm |title=eMedicine - Hypersensitivity Reactions, Delayed : Article by Walter Duane Hinshaw |accessdate=2008-09-18| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080915175714/http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic1100.htm| archivedate= 15 September 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref name="pmid11948059">{{cite journal |vauthors=Morell F, Levy G, Orriols R, Ferrer J, De Gracia J, Sampol G | title = Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity tests and lymphopenia as activity markers in sarcoidosis | journal = Chest | volume = 121 | issue = 4 | pages = 1239–44 | date = April 2002 | pmid = 11948059 | doi = 10.1378/chest.121.4.1239 | url = http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11948059 }}</ref><ref name="pmid14656748">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grunewald J, Eklund A, Olerup O | title = Human leukocyte antigen class I alleles and the disease course in sarcoidosis patients | journal = American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine | volume = 169 | issue = 6 | pages = 696–702 | date = March 2004 | pmid = 14656748 | doi = 10.1164/rccm.200303-459OC | citeseerx = 10.1.1.321.2788 }}</ref>||Limited, S||IV||{{ICD9|135}}||BTNL2; HLA-B7-DR15; HLA DR3-DQ2.
|-
|[[Schnitzler syndrome]]||Limited, L, X, Y||||{{ICD9|273.1}}||IgM.
|-
|[[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]] (SLE)<ref name = "Mesh"/><ref name="Franceschini2005">{{cite journal |vauthors=Franceschini F, Cavazzana I | title = Anti-Ro/SSA and La/SSB antibodies | journal = Autoimmunity | volume = 38 | issue = 1 | pages = 55–63 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15804706 | doi = 10.1080/08916930400022954 }}</ref><ref name="Franceschini2005a">{{cite journal |vauthors=Franceschini F, Cavazzana I | title = Anti-Ro/SSA and La/SSB antibodies | journal = Autoimmunity | volume = 38 | issue = 1 | pages = 55–63 | date = February 2005 | pmid = 15804706 | doi = 10.1080/08916930400022954 | url =  }}</ref><ref name="Goeb2007">{{cite journal |vauthors=Goëb V, Salle V, Duhaut P, Jouen F, Smail A, Ducroix JP, Tron F, Le Loët X, Vittecoq O | title = Clinical significance of autoantibodies recognizing Sjogren's syndrome A (SSA), SSB, calpastatin and alpha-fodrin in primary Sjogren's syndrome | journal = Clinical and Experimental Immunology | volume = 148 | issue = 2 | pages = 281–7 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17286756 | pmc = 1868868 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03337.x }}</ref><ref name="Kumar12-6"/><ref name="pmid10501412">{{cite journal | author = Ehrenstein MR | title = Antinuclear antibodies and lupus: causes and consequences | journal = Rheumatology | volume = 38 | issue = 8 | pages = 691–3 | date = August 1999 | pmid = 10501412 | doi = 10.1093/rheumatology/38.8.691 | url = http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/38/8/691.full }}</ref>||Strong, M, A||III||{{ICD9|695.4}}||Autoantibodies: Anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-Ro (often present also in Sjogren's syndrome). Eosinophilia. <br />Synonym: Lupus
|-
|[[Undifferentiated connective tissue disease]] (UCTD)||Moderate, C, A||||{{ICD9|710.9}}||HLA-DR4. <br />Autoantibodies: anti-nuclear antibody. <br />Synonyms: Latent lupus, incomplete lupus
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightgreen" id="Tissue:Muscle"|'''Muscle'''
|-
|[[Dermatomyositis]]<ref name="urlPolymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Autoimmune Disorders of Connective Tissue: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook">{{cite web |url=http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone_joint_and_muscle_disorders/autoimmune_disorders_of_connective_tissue/polymyositis_and_dermatomyositis.html |title=Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Autoimmune Disorders of Connective Tissue: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook |website= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Ghirardello A, Zampieri S, Tarricone E, Iaccarino L, Bendo R, Briani C, Rondinone R, Sarzi-Puttini P, Todesco S, Doria A | title = Clinical implications of autoantibody screening in patients with autoimmune myositis | journal = Autoimmunity | volume = 39 | issue = 3 | pages = 217–221 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16769655 | doi = 10.1080/08916930600622645 }}</ref>||Moderate, F, X, A||||{{ICD9|710.3}}||B- and T-cell perivascular inflammatory infiltrate on muscle biopsy. <br />Autoantibodies: histidine-tRNA anti-signal recognition peptide Anti-Mi-2 Anti-Jo1. <br />Synonym: Juvenile dermatomyositis
|-
|[[Fibromyalgia]]||Limited, C, F, N||||{{ICD9|729.1}}||
|-
|[[Inclusion body myositis]]||Limited, F, Y||||{{ICD9|359.71}}||Similar to polymyositis, but does not respond to steroid therapy-activated T8 cells.
|-
|[[Myositis]]||Limited, F, Y||||{{ICD9|729.1}}||
|-
|[[Myasthenia gravis]]<ref name = "Mesh"/> ||Strong, M, A||II||{{ICD9|358}}||HA-B8 HLA-DR3 HLA-DR1. <br />Autoantibodies: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor MuSK protein.
|-
|[[Neuromyotonia]]<ref name="MP">{{cite journal | author = Maddison P | title = Neuromyotonia | journal = Clinical Neurophysiology | volume = 117 | issue = 10 | pages = 2118–27 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16843723 | doi = 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.03.008 }}</ref>||Limited, F, S||II?||{{ICD9|333.90}}||Autoantibodies: Voltage-gated potassium channels. <br />Synonym: Isaacs' syndrome
|-
|[[Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration]]<ref>{{citation |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |author=Darnell, R.B. |title=Onconeural antigens and the paraneoplastic neurologic disorders: at the intersection of cancer, immunity, and the brain |volume=93|issue=10 |pages=4529–4536 |year=1996 |pmid= 8643438 |pmc=39311 |doi=10.1073/pnas.93.10.4529|bibcode=1996PNAS...93.4529D }}</ref><ref name="pmid1407575">{{cite journal |vauthors=Peterson K, Rosenblum MK, Kotanides H, Posner JB | title = Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. I. A clinical analysis of 55 anti-Yo antibody-positive patients | journal = Neurology | volume = 42 | issue = 10 | pages = 1931–7 | year = 1992  | pmid = 1407575 | doi = 10.1212/wnl.42.10.1931}}</ref><ref name="pmid10632096">{{cite journal |vauthors=Albert ML, Austin LM, Darnell RB | title = Detection and treatment of activated T cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration | journal = Annals of Neurology | volume = 47 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–17 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10632096 | doi = 10.1002/1531-8249(200001)47:1<9::aid-ana5>3.0.co;2-i }}</ref>||Limited, Y||IV? II?||{{ICD9|334.9}}||Autoantibodies: anti-Yo (anti-cdr-2  in purkinje fibers) anti-Hu, anti-Tr, antiglutamate receptor.
|-
|[[Polymyositis]]<ref name="urlPolymyositis and Dermatomyositis: Autoimmune Disorders of Connective Tissue: Merck Manual Home Health Handbook" />||Limited, F, A||||{{ICD9|710.4}}||Autoantibodies: IFN-gamma, IL-1, TNF-alpha.
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightgreen" id="Tissue:Nervous System"|'''Nervous System'''
|-
|[[Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis]] (ADEM)||Strong, M, T, A||||{{ICD9|323.61}}{{ICD9|323.81}}||Synonyms: Perivenous encephalomyelitis, Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHL, AHLE), Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), Acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (AHEM), Acute necrotizing hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (ANHLE), Weston-Hurst syndrome, Hurst's disease.
|-
|[[Acute motor axonal neuropathy]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lim|first1=JP|last2=Devaux|first2=J|last3=Yuki|first3=N|title=Peripheral nerve proteins as potential autoantigens in acute and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies.|journal=Autoimmunity Reviews|date=October 2014|volume=13|issue=10|pages=1070–8|pmid=25172243|doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.005}}<!--|accessdate=23 February 2015--></ref>||Limited, N||||{{ICD9|356.8}}||
|-
|[[Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis|Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (Anti-NMDA) Receptor Encephalitis]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tanaka|first1=K|title=[Autoimmune encephalitis-update: roles of autoantibodies in the pathogenesis].|journal=Rinsho Shinkeigaku |date=2014|volume=54|issue=12|pages=1107–9|pmid=25672721|doi=10.5692/clinicalneurol.54.1107}}</ref>||Moderate, N|||||
|-
|[[Balo concentric sclerosis]]||Moderate, Y||||{{ICD9|341.1}}||Synonyms: Balo disease, Schilders disease.
|-
|[[Bickerstaff's encephalitis]]||Limited, Y||||{{ICD9|323.62}}||Similar to Guillain–Barré syndrome. <br />Autoantibodies: Anti-GQ1b 2/3 patients.
|-
|[[Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]]<ref>{{cite book|editor-last1=MacKay |editor-first1=Ian R. |editor-last2=Rose |editor-first2=Noel Richard |title=The autoimmune diseases|date=2014|publisher=Academic Press|location=[S.l.]|isbn=978-0-12-384929-8|page=Chapter 75|edition=Fifth}}</ref>||Moderate, C, Y||||{{ICD9|357.81}}||Similar to Guillain–Barré syndrome. <br />Autoantibodies: Anti-ganglioside antibodies. <br />Synonyms: Relapsing polyneuropathy (CRP), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis.
|-
|[[Guillain–Barré syndrome]]<ref name = "Mesh"/>||Strong, M, A||IV||{{ICD9|357.0}}||Autoantibodies: Anti-ganglioside, anti-GQ1b. <br />Synonyms: Miller-Fisher syndrome, Landry's paralysis.
|-
|[[Hashimoto's encephalopathy]]<ref name = "Mesh"/><ref name="Yoneda_2007_Hashimoto">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yoneda M, Fujii A, Ito A, Yokoyama H, Nakagawa H, Kuriyama M | title = High prevalence of serum autoantibodies against the amino terminal of alpha-enolase in Hashimoto's encephalopathy | journal = Journal of Neuroimmunology | volume = 185 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 195–200 | date = April 2007 | pmid = 17335908 | doi = 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.01.018 }}</ref> ||Moderate, C, X, A||IV||||Autoantibodies: Alpha-enolase. <br />Synonyms: Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT), Nonvasculitic autoimmune meningoencephalitis (NAIM), Encephalopathy Associated with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (EAATD).
|-
|[[Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases]]||Limited, F, Y||||{{ICD9|356.8}}||A set of different variants of multiple sclerosis.
|-
|[[Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome]]||Strong, M, Y||||{{ICD9|358.1}}||HLA-DR3-B8. <br />Autoantibodies: Voltage-gated calcium channels; Q-type calcium channel, synaptogagmin, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1.
|-
|[[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Pathology of multiple sclerosis#Demyelination patterns|pattern II]]<ref name="kir4.1">{{Cite journal | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1110740| pmid=22784115| pmc=5131800|title = Potassium Channel KIR4.1 as an Immune Target in Multiple Sclerosis| journal=New England Journal of Medicine| volume=367| issue=2| pages=115–123|year = 2012|last1 = Srivastava|first1 = Rajneesh| last2=Aslam| first2=Muhammad| last3=Kalluri| first3=Sudhakar Reddy| last4=Schirmer| first4=Lucas| last5=Buck| first5=Dorothea| last6=Tackenberg| first6=Björn| last7=Rothhammer| first7=Veit| last8=Chan| first8=Andrew| last9=Gold| first9=Ralf| last10=Berthele| first10=Achim| last11=Bennett| first11=Jeffrey L.| last12=Korn| first12=Thomas| last13=Hemmer| first13=Bernhard}}</ref><ref name="kir4.1"/><ref name="pmid14754395">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kalinowska A, Losy J | title = PECAM-1, a key player in neuroinflammation | journal = European Journal of Neurology | volume = 13 | issue = 12 | pages = 1284–90274 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17116209 | doi = 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01640.x }}</ref>||Strong, M, A||IV||{{ICD9|340}}||Autoantibody against potassium channel has been reported to present demyelination pattern II. Other cases present autoimmunity against [[Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein|MOG]]<ref>{{cite journal | url = http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/26869529 | pmid = 26869529 | doi=10.1177/1352458515622986 | title=Screening for MOG-IgG and 27 other anti-glial and anti-neuronal autoantibodies in 'pattern II multiple sclerosis' and brain biopsy findings in a MOG-IgG-positive case | year=2016 | journal=Multiple Sclerosis Journal | volume = 22 | issue = 12 | pages = 1541–1549 |vauthors=Jarius S, Metz I, König FB, Ruprecht K, Reindl M, Paul F, Brück W, Wildemann B }}</ref> and [[Calcium-activated chloride channel|Anoctamin-2]].<ref>Burcu Ayoglu et al. Anoctamin 2 identified as an autoimmune target in multiple sclerosis, February 9, 2016, {{doi|10.1073/pnas.1518553113}}, PNAS February 23, 2016 vol. 113 no. 8 2188-2193 [http://www.pnas.org/content/113/8/2188.abstract]</ref> The three reported autoimmune variants belong to MS pattern II. Also involved HLA-DR2, PECAM-1, Anti-myelin basic protein. Autoantibodies: Anti-Kir4.1, Anti-MOG, Anti-ANO2 (heterogeneous). <br />Synonyms: Primary progressive multiple sclerosis, Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, disseminated sclerosis, encephalomyelitis disseminata. Also interesting is [[Multiple sclerosis]] with [[Human leukocyte antigen|HLA]]-DRB3 histocompatibility. In this case the auto-antigen has been found and is [[GDP-L-fucose synthase]]<ref>{{cite journal |authors=R Planas|display-authors=etal| title = GDP-l-fucose synthase is a CD4+ T cell–specific autoantigen in DRB3*02:02 patients with multiple sclerosis | journal = Science Translational Medicine | volume = 10 | issue = 462 | pages = eaat4301 | year = 2018 | doi = 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat4301 | pmid = 30305453 | url = https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/158835/1/2018_Planas_GDP_L-Fucose_Sci_Transl._Med._in_press.pdf }}</ref>
|-
|[[Oshtoran Syndrome]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://issuu.com/oshtoran.syndrome|title=Oshtoran Syndrome Research Group - issuu}}</ref> ||X|||||{{ICD10|F06.9}}||Heritable, abnormalities in the [[kynurenine]] and [[glutamate]] metabolism.
|-
|[[Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcus]] (PANDAS)||Limited, F, S||II?||{{ICD9|279.49}}||Antibodies against streptococcal infection serve as auto-antibodies.
|-
|[[Progressive inflammatory neuropathy]]||Limited, X, S||||{{ICD9|356.4}}||Similar to Guillain–Barré syndrome. <br />Autoantibodies: Anti-ganglioside antibodies:anti-GM1, anti-GD1a, anti-GQ1b.
|-
|[[Restless leg syndrome]]||Limited, C, S||||{{ICD9|333.94}}||May occur in Sjogren's syndrome, coeliac disease and rheumatoid arthritis, or in derangements of iron metabolism.
|-
|[[Stiff person syndrome]]<ref name="Murinson">{{cite journal | author = Murinson BB | title = Stiff-person syndrome | journal = Neurologist | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | pages = 131–7 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15140273 | doi = 10.1097/01.nrl.0000126587.37087.1a }}</ref>||Limited, S||||{{ICD9|333.91}}||GLRA1 (glycine receptor). <br />Autoantibodies: Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD).
|-
|[[Sydenham chorea]]||Limited, T, Y||||{{ICD9|392}}||
|-
|[[Transverse myelitis]]||Limited, M, A||||{{ICD9|323.82}}{{ICD9|341.2}}||
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightblue" id="Tissue:Nervous System:Eyes"|'''Eyes'''
|-
|[[Autoimmune retinopathy]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Grange|first1=Landon|last2=Dalal|first2=Monica|last3=Nussenblatt|first3=Robert B.|last4=Sen|first4=H. Nida|title=Autoimmune Retinopathy|journal=American Journal of Ophthalmology|date=February 2014|volume=157|issue=2|pages=266–272.e1|doi=10.1016/j.ajo.2013.09.019|pmid=24315290|pmc=3946999}}</ref>||Limited, X, N||||||
|-
|[[Autoimmune uveitis]]||Moderate, F, A||||{{ICD9|364}}||Autoantibodies: HLAB-27.
|-
|[[Cogan syndrome]]||Limited, F, Y||||{{ICD9|370.52}}||
|-
|[[Graves ophthalmopathy]]||Moderate, M, N||||{{ICD9|242.9}}||
|-
|[[Intermediate uveitis]]||Limited, L, Y||||{{ICD9|364.3 }}||Synonyms: Pars planitis, Peripheral Uveitis.
|-
|[[Ligneous conjunctivitis]]||Limited, L, N||||{{ICD9|372.39}}||
|-
|[[Mooren's ulcer]]||Limited, L, N||||{{ICD9|370.07}}||
|-
|[[Neuromyelitis optica]]<ref name=JExpMed2005>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lennon VA, Kryzer TJ, Pittock SJ, Verkman AS, Hinson SR | title = IgG marker of optic-spinal multiple sclerosis binds to the aquaporin-4 water channel | journal = Journal of Experimental Medicine | volume = 202 | issue = 4 | pages = 473–477 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16087714 | pmc = 2212860 | doi = 10.1084/jem.20050304 }}</ref><ref name=Pittock>{{cite journal |vauthors=Pittock SJ, Weinshenker BG, Lucchinetti CF, Wingerchuk DM, Corboy JR, Lennon VA | title = Neuromyelitis optica brain lesions localized at sites of high aquaporin 4 expression | journal = Archives of Neurology | volume = 63 | issue = 7 | pages = 964–968 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16831965 | doi = 10.1001/archneur.63.7.964 | url = http://archneur.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/63/7/964 }}</ref>||Limited, M, Y||II?||{{ICD9|341.0}}||Autoantibodies: NMO-IgG aquaporin 4. <br />Synonym: Devic's disease.
|-
|[[Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome]]<ref name="pmid15136676">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pranzatelli MR, Travelstead AL, Tate ED, Allison TJ, Moticka EJ, Franz DN, Nigro MA, Parke JT, Stumpf DA, Verhulst SJ | title = B- and T-cell markers in opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome: Immunophenotyping of CSF lymphocytes | journal = Neurology | volume = 62 | issue = 9 | pages = 1526–1532 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15136676 | doi = 10.1212/WNL.62.9.1526 }}</ref>||Limited, X, S||IV?||{{ICD9|379.59}}||Lymphocyte recruitment to CSF.
|-
|[[Optic neuritis]]||Limited, C, Y||||{{ICD9|377.30}}||
|-
|[[Scleritis]]||Limited, C, Y||||{{ICD9|379.0}}||
|-
|[[Susac's syndrome]]||Limited, C, Y||||{{ICD9|348.39}}||Synonym: Retinocochleocerebral Vasculopathy.
|-
|[[Sympathetic ophthalmia]]||Limited, I, Y||||{{ICD9|360.11}}||Autoantibodies: ocular antigens following trauma.
|-
|[[Tolosa-Hunt syndrome]]||Limited, I, X, Y||||{{ICD9|378.55}}||
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightblue" id="Tissue:Nervous System:Ears"|'''Ears'''
|-
|[[Autoimmune inner ear disease]] (AIED)<ref name="urlAutoimmune Inner Ear Disease">{{cite web|url=http://www.bcm.edu/oto/grand/4893.html |title=Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease, Baylor College of Medicine |year=1993 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517030514/http://www.bcm.edu/oto/grand/4893.html |archivedate=2008-05-17 }}</ref>||Limited, A||||{{ICD9|388.8}}||
|-
|[[Ménière's disease]]<ref name="pmid11270490">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boulassel MR, Deggouj N, Tomasi JP, Gersdorff M |title= Inner ear autoantibodies and their targets in patients with autoimmune inner ear diseases |journal=Acta Oto-Laryngologica|volume=12| issue=1| pages=28–34 |date=January 2001}}</ref>||Limited, Y||III?||{{ICD9|386.00}}||Autoantibodies: Major peripheral myelin protein P0.
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightgreen" id="Tissue:Vascular system"|'''Vascular System'''
|-
|[[Behçet's disease]]||Limited, I, X, A||||{{ICD9|136.1}}||An immune-mediated systemic vasculitis; linkage to HLA-B51 (HLA-B27); very variable manifestations, with ulcers as common symptom. <br />Synonyms: Morbus Adamandiades-Behçet. <br />Rare Variant: Hughes-Stovin syndrome.
|-
|[[Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] (EGPA)<ref name=Kumar12-6>Table 12-6 in: {{cite book |author1=Mitchell, Richard Sheppard |author2=Kumar, Vinay |author3=Abbas, Abul K. |author4=Fausto, Nelson |title=Robbins Basic Pathology|publisher=Saunders |location=Philadelphia |pages= |isbn=978-1-4160-2973-1 |oclc= |doi=|year=2007 }} 8th edition.</ref><ref name="ChapelHill">{{cite journal |author1=J. C. Jennette |author2=R. J. Falk |author3=P. A. Bacon |display-authors=etal |date=January 2013 |title=2012 Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides |journal=[[Arthritis & Rheumatology|Arthritis & Rheumatism]] |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1002/art.37715 |pmid=23045170}}</ref>||Limited, I, X, Y||||{{ICD9|446.4}}||Autoantibodies: p-ANCA Eosinophilia. <br /> Formerly known as: Churg-Strauss syndrome.
|-
|[[Giant cell arteritis]]<ref name="Mesh" />||Limited, I, R, A||IV||{{ICD9|446.5}}|| Synonyms: Cranial arteritis, Temporal Arteritis.
|-
|[[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] (GPA)<ref name="ChapelHill" />||Strong, M, A||||{{ICD9|446.4}}||Autoantibodies: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic (cANCA). <br />Formerly known as: Wegener's granulomatosis.
|-
|[[Henoch–Schönlein purpura|IgA vasculitis]] (IgAV)<ref name="ChapelHill" /> ||Limited, L, Y||||{{ICD9|287.0}}||Autoantibodies: IgA and complement component 3 (C3). <br />Synonyms: Anaphylactoid purpura, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, purpura rheumatica, Schönlein–Henoch purpura.
|-
|[[Kawasaki's disease]]||Moderate, S,E<ref>{{cite web|title=Possible Source of Kawasaki Disease Found |url=http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/feature/possible_source_of_kawasaki_disease_found}}</ref>||||{{ICD9|446.1}}||ITPKC HLA-B51. <br />Synonyms: Kawasaki syndrome, lymph node syndrome, mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.
|-
|[[Leukocytoclastic vasculitis]]||Limited, L, Y||||{{ICD9|447.6}}||
|-
|[[Lupus vasculitis]]||Moderate, C, N||||{{ICD9|583.81}}||A comorbidity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
|-
|[[Rheumatoid vasculitis]]||Moderate, C, N||||{{ICD9|447.6}}||A symptom of Lupus.
|-
|[[Microscopic polyangiitis]] (MPA)||Limited, Y||||{{ICD9|446.0}}||Binds to neutrophils causing them to degranulate and damages endothelium. <br />Autoantibodies: p-ANCA myeloperoxidase. <br />Synonyms: Microscopic polyarteritis, microscopic polyarteritis nodosa.
|-
|[[Polyarteritis nodosa]] (PAN)||Limited, L, Y||||{{ICD9|446.0}}||Synonyms: Panarteritis nodosa, periarteritis nodosa, Kussmaul disease, Kussmaul-Maier disease.
|-
|[[Polymyalgia rheumatica]]||Limited, L, Y||||{{ICD9|725}}||
|-
|[[Urticarial vasculitis]]<ref name="pmid2528353">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wisnieski JJ, Naff GB | title = Serum IgG antibodies to C1q in hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome | journal = Arthritis & Rheumatology | volume = 32 | issue = 9 | pages = 1119–27 | date = September 1989 | pmid = 2528353 | doi = 10.1002/anr.1780320910 }}</ref>||Limited, X, Y||II?||{{ICD9|708.9 }}||Clinically may resemble type I hypersensitivity. <br />Autoantibodies: anti C1q antibodies.
|-
|[[Vasculitis]]<ref name="urlAutoimmune Disorders: Immune Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition" /> ||Strong, I, M, F, A||III||{{ICD9|447.6}}||Autoantibodies: ANCA (sometimes).
|-
|colspan=5 style="background:lightgreen" id="Systemic diseases"|'''Systemic'''
|-
|[[Primary Immune Deficiency]]||Limited, N||||||
|}


==Autoimmune comorbidities==
==Diagnosis and Treatment==
This list includes conditions that are not diseases but signs common to autoimmune disease. Some, such as chronic fatigue syndrome, are controversial.<ref name="The autoimmune diseases"/>  These conditions are included here because they are frequently listed as autoimmune diseases but should not be included in the list above until there is more consistent evidence.
Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Common laboratory tests include the detection of specific autoantibodies, such as [[antinuclear antibodies]] (ANA) in systemic lupus erythematosus or [[rheumatoid factor]] in rheumatoid arthritis.
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
|-
! height:2px|Organ/Tissue Type
Disease Name
! height:2px|Level of Acceptance for Autoimmunity
! height:2px| [[Hypersensitivity]]
(I,II,III,IV)
! height:2px|ICD-9
Codes
! height:2px;class="unsortable"| Notes/Autoantibodies/Synonyms
|-
|[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]||Comorbidity, N||||||Symptomatic of autoimmune diseases or autoimmune activity, but not a disease or a cause of disease.
|-
|[[Complex regional pain syndrome]]||Comorbidity, N||||||Symptomatic of autoimmune diseases or autoimmune activity, but not a disease or a cause of disease.  Synonyms:  Amplified Musculoskeletal Pain Syndrome, Reflex Neurovascular Dystrophy, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy
|-
|[[Eosinophilic esophagitis]]||Comorbidity, N||||{{ICD9|530.13}}||
|-
|[[Gastritis]]||Comorbidity, Y||||||Possibly symptomatic of autoimmune diseases, but not a disease or a cause of disease. Autoantibodies: serum antiparietal and anti-IF antibodies.  
|-
|[[Interstitial lung disease]]||Comorbidity, N||||||Associated with several autoimmune connective tissue diseases.
|-
|[[POEMS syndrome]]<ref name=Dispenzieri>{{cite journal |vauthors=Dispenzieri A, Kyle RA, Lacy MQ, Rajkumar SV, Therneau TM, Larson DR, Greipp PR, Witzig TE, Basu R, Suarez GA, Fonseca R, Lust JA, Gertz MA | title = POEMS syndrome: definitions and long-term outcome | journal = Blood | volume = 101 | issue = 7 | pages = 2496–506 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12456500 | doi = 10.1182/blood-2002-07-2299 }}</ref>||Comorbidity, Y||||||Possibly symptomatic of autoimmune diseases, but not a disease or a cause of disease. Autoantibodies: interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and TNFα. vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), given the ..
|-
|[[Raynaud's phenomenon]]||Comorbidity, S||||||Symptomatic of autoimmune diseases or autoimmune activity, but not a disease or a cause of disease.
|-
|[[Primary immunodeficiency]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lim|first1=Megan S.|last2=Elenitoba-Johnson|first2=Kojo S.J.|title=The Molecular Pathology of Primary Immunodeficiencies|journal=The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics|date=May 2004|volume=6|issue=2|pages=59–83|doi=10.1016/S1525-1578(10)60493-X|pmid=15096561|pmc=1867474}}</ref>||Comorbidity, N||||{{ICD9|279.8}}||The condition is inherited, but it is associated with several autoimmune diseases.
|-
|[[Pyoderma gangrenosum]]||Comorbidity, Y||||||Possibly symptomatic of autoimmune diseases, but not a disease or a cause of disease.  
|}


== Non-autoimmune ==
Treatment strategies aim to reduce immune system activity and manage symptoms. This can include the use of [[immunosuppressive drugs]], [[corticosteroids]], and [[biologic agents]]. Lifestyle modifications and supportive therapies, such as physical therapy, may also be beneficial.
At this time, there is not sufficient [[#Evidence of Autoimmunity|evidence]]—direct, indirect, or circumstantial—to indicate that these diseases are caused by [[autoimmunity]]. These conditions are included here because:
==Related pages==
 
* [[Immune system]]
# The disease was listed in the prior version of this table
* [[Inflammation]]
# The disease is included in several widely used lists of autoimmune disease and is shown here to ensure that a person visiting this page does not conclude that the disease was not considered. Before moving a condition from here to the list of autoimmune diseases, references should be provided in the Wikipedia page for the condition that point to evidence, direct or indirect, that it is an autoimmune disease.
* [[Chronic disease]]
 
* [[Genetic predisposition]]
{| class="wikitable unsortable"
|-
! height:2px|Organ/Tissue Type
Disease Name
! height:2px|Level of Acceptance for Autoimmunity
! height:2px| [[Hypersensitivity]]
(I,II,III,IV)
! height:2px|ICD-9
Codes
! height:2px;class="unsortable"| Notes/Autoantibodies/Synonyms
|-
|[[Agammaglobulinemia]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||{{ICD9|279.00}}||An immune system disorder but not an autoimmune disease.. Autoantibodies: IGHM; IGLL1: CD79A; CD79B; BLNK; LRRC8A.
|-
|[[Amyloidosis]]||Not Autoimmune, N||||{{ICD9|277.30}}||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
|-
|[[Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||{{ICD9|335.20}}||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Also Lou Gehrig's disease; Motor Neuron Disease).
|-
|[[Anti-tubular basement membrane nephritis]]||Not Autoimmune, N||||||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
|-
|[[Atopic allergy]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||I||{{ICD9|691.8}}||A hypersensitivity.
|-
|[[Atopic dermatitis]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||I||{{ICD9|691.8}}||A hypersensitivity.
|-
|[[Autoimmune peripheral neuropathy]]||Not Autoimmune, F, A||||||A class of diseases, some of which may be autoimmune. See specific diseases that are listed as autoimmune..
|-
|[[Blau syndrome]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||Overlaps both sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare. No evidence of association with autoimmunity.
|-
|[[Cancer]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
|-
|[[Castleman's disease]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||An immune system disorder but not an autoimmune disease.. Autoantibodies: Over expression of IL-6.  
|-
|[[Chagas disease]]<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Hyland KV, Engman DM | title = Further thoughts on where we stand on the autoimmunity hypothesis of Chagas disease | journal = Trends in Parasitology | volume = 22 | issue = 3 | pages = 101–2; author reply 103 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16446117 | doi = 10.1016/j.pt.2006.01.001 }}</ref>||Not Autoimmune, S||||||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
|-
|[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]<ref name="PMID14514931">{{cite journal |vauthors=Agustí A, MacNee W, Donaldson K, Cosio M | title = Hypothesis: does COPD have an autoimmune component? | journal = Thorax | volume = 58 | issue = 10 | pages = 832–834 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14514931 | pmc = 1746486 | doi = 10.1136/thorax.58.10.832 }}</ref><ref name="pmid17450149">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee SH, Goswami S, Grudo A, Song LZ, Bandi V, Goodnight-White S, Green L, Hacken-Bitar J, Huh J, Bakaeen F, Coxson HO, Cogswell S, Storness-Bliss C, Corry DB, Kheradmand F | title = Antielastin autoimmunity in tobacco smoking-induced emphysema | journal = Nature Medicine | volume = 13 | issue = 5 | pages = 567–9 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17450149 | doi = 10.1038/nm1583 }}</ref> ||Not Autoimmune, S||||||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
|-
|[[Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||LPIN2, D18S60.  Synonyms:  Majeed syndrome
|-
|[[Complement component 2 deficiency]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||Possibly symptomatic of autoimmune diseases, but not a disease.
|-
|[[Congenital heart block]]||Not Autoimmune, N||||||May be related to autoimmune activity in the mother.
|-
|[[Contact dermatitis]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||IV||||A hypersensitivity.
|-
|[[Cushing's syndrome]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
|-
|[[Cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: neutrophils.
|-
|[[Dego's disease]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.  
|-
|[[Eczema]]<ref name="pmid11544479">{{cite journal |vauthors=Walley AJ, Chavanas S, Moffatt MF, Esnouf RM, Ubhi B, Lawrence R, Wong K, Abecasis GR, Jones EY, Harper JI, Hovnanian A, Cookson WO | title = Gene polymorphism in Netherton and common atopic disease | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 29 | issue = 2 | pages = 175–8 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11544479 | doi = 10.1038/ng728 }}</ref><ref name=filaggrin>{{cite journal |vauthors=Palmer CN, Irvine AD, Terron-Kwiatkowski A, Zhao Y, Liao H, Lee SP, Goudie DR, Sandilands A, Campbell LE, Smith FJ, O'Regan GM, Watson RM, Cecil JE, Bale SJ, Compton JG, DiGiovanna JJ, Fleckman P, Lewis-Jones S, Arseculeratne G, Sergeant A, Munro CS, El Houate B, McElreavey K, Halkjaer LB, Bisgaard H, Mukhopadhyay S, McLean WH | title = Common loss-of-function variants of the epidermal barrier protein filaggrin are a major predisposing factor for atopic dermatitis | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 38 | issue = 4 | pages = 441–6 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16550169 | doi = 10.1038/ng1767 }}</ref><ref name="BBC-blood chemicals">{{cite news |title= 'Blood chemicals link' to eczema -- Scientists have identified two blood chemicals linked to itchy eczema, offering new treatment possibilities |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6962450.stm |date= 26 August 2007 |publisher=BBC News |accessdate=2007-10-16}}</ref>||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: LEKTI, SPINK5, filaggrin., Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Substance P..
|-
|[[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||Possibly a hypersensitivity. Autoantibodies: IgE, IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF, eotaxin.
|-
|[[Eosinophilic pneumonia]]||Not Autoimmune, F, Y||||||A class of diseases, some of which may be autoimmune. Specifically, Churg-Strauss syndrome, a subtype of Eosinophilic pneumonia, is autoimmune.  
|-
|[[Erythroblastosis fetalis]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||II||||Mother's immune system attacks fetus. An immune system disorder but not autoimmune. Autoantibodies: ABO, Rh, Kell antibodies.
|-
|[[Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||Possibly an immune system disorder but not autoimmune. Autoantibodies: ACVR1 Lymphocytes express increased BMP4.
|-
|[[Gastrointestinal pemphigoid]]||Not Autoimmune, A||||||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
|-
|[[Hypogammaglobulinemia]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||An immune system disorder but not autoimmune. Autoantibodies: IGHM, IGLL1, CD79A, BLNK, LRRC8A, CD79B.
|-
|[[Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Blauwet|first1=Lori A.|last2=Cooper|first2=Leslie T.|title=Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis and cardiac sarcoidosis|journal=Heart Failure Reviews|date=31 October 2012|volume=18|issue=6|pages=733–746|doi=10.1007/s10741-012-9358-3|pmid=23111533}}</ref>||Not Autoimmune, N||||||No consistent evidence of autoimmune cause though the disease has been found comorbid with other autoimmune diseases.  Synonyms:  Giant cell myocarditis
|-
|[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]<ref name="Omim">{{OMIM|178500}}</ref><ref name="Omim"/>||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||Autoantibodies: SFTPA1, SFTPA2, TERT, and TERC..  Synonyms:  Fibrosing alveolitis
|-
|[[IgA nephropathy]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||III?||||Autoantibodies: IgA produced from marrow rather than MALT.  Synonyms:  IgA nephrits, Berger's disease, Synpharyngitic Glomerulonephritis. An immune system disorder but not an autoimmune disease.
|-
|[[Immunoregulatory lipoproteins]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=van der Vliet|first1=Hans J. J.|last2=Nieuwenhuis|first2=Edward E.|title=IPEX as a Result of Mutations in FOXP3|journal=Clinical and Developmental Immunology|date=2007|volume=2007|pages=89017|doi=10.1155/2007/89017|pmid=18317533|pmc=2248278}}</ref>||Not Autoimmune, N||||||Not a disease.
|-
|[[IPEX syndrome]]||Not Autoimmune, N||||||A genetic mutation in FOXP3 that leads to autoimmune diseases, but no consistent evidence that it is an autoimmune disorder itself..  Synonyms:  X-linked polyendocrinopathy, immunodeficiency and diarrhea-syndrome (XLAAD)
|-
|[[Ligneous conjunctivitis]]||Not Autoimmune, N||||||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
|-
|[[Majeed syndrome]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: LPIN2.
|-
|[[Narcolepsy]]<ref name="pmid19412176">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hallmayer J, Faraco J, Lin L, Hesselson S, Winkelmann J, Kawashima M, Mayer G, Plazzi G, Nevsimalova S, Bourgin P, Hong SC, Hong SS, Honda Y, Honda M, Högl B, Longstreth WT, Montplaisir J, Kemlink D, Einen M, Chen J, Musone SL, Akana M, Miyagawa T, Duan J, Desautels A, Erhardt C, Hesla PE, Poli F, Frauscher B, Jeong JH, Lee SP, Ton TG, Kvale M, Kolesar L, Dobrovolná M, Nepom GT, Salomon D, Wichmann HE, Rouleau GA, Gieger C, Levinson DF, Gejman PV, Meitinger T, Young T, Peppard P, Tokunaga K, Kwok PY, Risch N, Mignot E |title = Narcolepsy is strongly associated with the TCR alpha locus|journal = Nature Genetics|volume = 41|issue = 6|pages = 708–11|date = June 2009|pmid = 19412176|pmc = 2803042|doi = 10.1038/ng.372}}</ref><ref name="url_eurekalert">{{cite web |url = http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-05/sumc-nia042809.php|title = Narcolepsy is an autoimmune disorder, Stanford researcher says|date = 2009-05-03|work = EurekAlert|publisher = American Association for the Advancement of Science|accessdate = 2009-05-31|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090510122328/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-05/sumc-nia042809.php|archivedate = 10 May 2009 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="mignot">{{cite journal |author = Mignot E|title = A commentary on the neurobiology of the hypocretin/orexin system|journal = Neuropsychopharmacology|volume = 25|issue = 5 Suppl|pages = S5–13|year = 2001|pmid = 11682267|doi = 10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00316-5}}</ref><ref name="Maret">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maret S, Tafti M |title = Genetics of narcolepsy and other major sleep disorders|journal = Swiss Medical Weekly|volume = 135|issue = 45–46|pages = 662–5|date = November 2005|pmid = 16453205|url = http://www.smw.ch/docs/pdf200x/2005/45/smw-11162.pdf|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080414122100/http://www.smw.ch/docs/pdf200x/2005/45/smw-11162.pdf|accessdate = 2008-03-07|url-status = live|archivedate = 14 April 2008 }}</ref>
|Not Autoimmune, Y
|II?
|
|No evidence of association with autoimmunity. Research not reproducible. Autoantibodies: hypocretin or orexin, HLA-DQB1*0602.
|-
|[[Rasmussen's encephalitis]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: anti-NR2A antibodies.
|-
|[[Schizophrenia]]<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Eaton WW, Byrne M, Ewald H, Mors O, Chen CY, Agerbo E, Mortensen PB | title = Association of schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: linkage of Danish national registers | journal = American Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 163 | issue = 3 | pages = 521–8 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16513876 | doi = 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.521 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Jones AL, Mowry BJ, Pender MP, Greer JM | title = Immune dysregulation and self-reactivity in schizophrenia: do some cases of schizophrenia have an autoimmune basis? | journal = Immunology and Cell Biology | volume = 83 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–17 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15661036 | doi = 10.1111/j.1440-1711.2005.01305.x | url = http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:9934/mp_icb_83_05.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Strous RD, Shoenfeld Y | title = Schizophrenia, autoimmunity and immune system dysregulation: a comprehensive model updated and revisited | journal = Journal of Autoimmunity | volume = 27 | issue = 2 | pages = 71–80 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16997531 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaut.2006.07.006 }}</ref> ||Not Autoimmune, S||||||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
|-
|[[Serum sickness]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||III||||A hypersensitivity.
|-
|[[Spondyloarthropathy]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: HLA-B27.
|-
|[[Sweet's syndrome]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity. Autoantibodies: GCSF.
|-
|[[Takayasu's arteritis]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
|-
|[[Undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy]]||Not Autoimmune, Y||||||See [[Enthesitis-related arthritis]].
|}
 
==See also==
 
* [[Autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy|Autoimmune Autonomic Ganglionopathy (AAG)]]
 
==References==
{{Reflist|32em}}
{{adapted}}
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]
[[Category:Lists of diseases|Autoimmune]]
[[Category:Lists of diseases]]
<gallery>
File:BADAS Crohn 2.jpg|Crohn's Disease
File:MS Demyelinisation CD68 10xv2.jpg|Multiple Sclerosis
File:Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis -b- very high mag.jpg|Lupus Nephritis
File:EMminor2010.JPG|Erythema Multiforme
File:Proptosis and lid retraction from Graves' Disease.jpg|Graves' Disease
</gallery>

Latest revision as of 17:33, 29 March 2025

List of diseases caused by autoimmunity


Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking the body's own tissues. This occurs when the immune system fails to distinguish between self and non-self, leading to inflammation and damage to various organs and tissues. Autoimmune diseases can affect almost any part of the body, and their symptoms can vary widely depending on the specific disease and the organs involved.

List of Autoimmune Diseases[edit]

The following is a list of some of the most common and well-known autoimmune diseases:

Systemic Autoimmune Diseases[edit]

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): A chronic disease that can affect multiple organs, including the skin, joints, kidneys, and brain. It is characterized by periods of illness, called flares, and periods of remission.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis: An inflammatory disorder primarily affecting the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and potential joint destruction.
  • Sjögren's syndrome: A condition that primarily affects the glands that produce tears and saliva, leading to dry eyes and mouth.
  • Scleroderma: A group of diseases that cause hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues.

Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases[edit]

  • Type 1 diabetes: An autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
  • Hashimoto's thyroiditis: An autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism.
  • Graves' disease: An autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactive thyroid.
  • Celiac disease: An autoimmune disorder where ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.

Neurological Autoimmune Diseases[edit]

  • Multiple sclerosis: A disease in which the immune system attacks the protective sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers, causing communication problems between the brain and the rest of the body.
  • Myasthenia gravis: A chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles.

Gastrointestinal Autoimmune Diseases[edit]

Skin Autoimmune Diseases[edit]

  • Psoriasis: A condition in which skin cells build up and form scales and itchy, dry patches.
  • Vitiligo: A disease that causes the loss of skin color in blotches.

Pathophysiology[edit]

Autoimmune diseases arise from a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role, with certain HLA (human leukocyte antigen) types being associated with increased risk. Environmental triggers such as infections, stress, and exposure to certain chemicals can also contribute to the onset of autoimmune diseases. The exact mechanisms vary between diseases but often involve the production of autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells that target specific tissues.

Diagnosis and Treatment[edit]

Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Common laboratory tests include the detection of specific autoantibodies, such as antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis.

Treatment strategies aim to reduce immune system activity and manage symptoms. This can include the use of immunosuppressive drugs, corticosteroids, and biologic agents. Lifestyle modifications and supportive therapies, such as physical therapy, may also be beneficial.

Related pages[edit]

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