Arsenical keratosis: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Smartwatch developed by Apple Inc.}}
{{SI}}  
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox medical condition
 
| name            = Arsenical keratosis
The '''Apple Watch''' is a line of [[smartwatch]]es produced by [[Apple Inc.]]. It incorporates fitness tracking, health-oriented capabilities, and wireless telecommunication, and integrates with [[iOS]] and other Apple products and services. The Apple Watch was first introduced in April 2015 and has since seen several iterations, each adding new features and improvements.
| image          = [[File:Arsenic_Poisoning.jpg|250px]]
 
| caption        = Arsenical keratosis on the palms
==History==
| field          = [[Dermatology]]
The Apple Watch was announced by [[Tim Cook]] on September 9, 2014, and was released on April 24, 2015. It was Apple's first new product category since the introduction of the [[iPad]] in 2010. The initial version of the Apple Watch was available in three models: Apple Watch, Apple Watch Sport, and Apple Watch Edition.
| symptoms        = [[Hyperkeratosis]] on palms and soles
 
| complications  = [[Skin cancer]]
==Design and Features==
| onset          = Months to years after exposure
The Apple Watch features a square display with rounded corners and is available in various sizes and materials. It includes a "Digital Crown" that can be used to scroll, zoom, and navigate, and a "Force Touch" display that can distinguish between a tap and a press.
| duration        = Chronic
 
| causes          = [[Arsenic]] exposure
===Health and Fitness===
| risks          = [[Occupational exposure]], [[contaminated water]]
The Apple Watch includes a heart rate sensor, accelerometer, and gyroscope, which allow it to track a variety of fitness activities. It can monitor heart rate, track workouts, and provide reminders to stand and move. Later models introduced features such as [[electrocardiogram]] (ECG) capabilities and blood oxygen monitoring.
| diagnosis      = [[Clinical diagnosis]], [[biopsy]]
 
| differential    = [[Callus]], [[psoriasis]], [[eczema]]
===Connectivity===
| prevention      = Avoidance of arsenic exposure
The Apple Watch connects to the user's iPhone via Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, allowing it to receive notifications, make phone calls, and send messages. Some models also include cellular connectivity, enabling them to function independently of the iPhone.
| treatment      = [[Topical treatments]], [[cryotherapy]], [[laser therapy]]
 
| prognosis      = Variable, risk of malignancy
==Models==
| frequency      = Common in areas with high arsenic exposure
 
}}
===Series 1===
{{Short description|A skin condition caused by chronic arsenic exposure}}
The Apple Watch Series 1 was released in 2016 as a more affordable option, featuring a dual-core processor and improved performance over the original model.
==Arsenical keratosis==
 
[[File:Arsenic_Poisoning.jpg|left|thumb|Arsenical keratosis on the palms of a patient]]
===Series 2===
'''Arsenical keratosis''' is a dermatological condition characterized by the development of small, corn-like growths on the skin, primarily on the palms and soles. These lesions are a result of chronic exposure to [[arsenic]], a toxic metalloid that can be found in contaminated water, certain pesticides, and industrial processes.
Released alongside Series 1, the Series 2 introduced GPS, water resistance up to 50 meters, and a brighter display.
==Pathophysiology==
 
Arsenical keratosis occurs due to the accumulation of arsenic in the skin over time. Arsenic interferes with cellular processes, leading to hyperkeratosis, which is the thickening of the outer layer of the skin. This condition is often associated with long-term exposure to arsenic, which can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact.
===Series 3===
==Clinical presentation==
The Series 3, released in 2017, added cellular connectivity, allowing the watch to make calls and send messages without being connected to an iPhone.
Patients with arsenical keratosis typically present with multiple, small, hard, and scaly lesions on the palms and soles. These lesions may be skin-colored or slightly pigmented. Over time, they can become more pronounced and may coalesce into larger plaques. In some cases, arsenical keratosis can progress to [[squamous cell carcinoma]], a type of skin cancer.
 
==Diagnosis==
===Series 4===
The diagnosis of arsenical keratosis is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the lesions and a history of arsenic exposure. A skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out malignancy. Laboratory tests can also be conducted to measure arsenic levels in the body.
The Series 4, released in 2018, featured a larger display, a thinner body, and introduced the ECG feature.
==Treatment==
 
The primary treatment for arsenical keratosis involves the removal of the source of arsenic exposure. Topical treatments, such as keratolytic agents, can be used to reduce the thickness of the lesions. In some cases, surgical removal or laser therapy may be necessary. Regular monitoring is important to detect any malignant transformation early.
===Series 5===
==Prevention==
The Series 5, released in 2019, introduced an always-on display, a built-in compass, and international emergency calling.
Preventing arsenical keratosis involves reducing exposure to arsenic. This can be achieved by ensuring access to clean drinking water, using protective equipment in industrial settings, and avoiding the use of arsenic-containing pesticides.
 
==See also==
===Series 6===
* [[Arsenic poisoning]]
Released in 2020, the Series 6 added a blood oxygen sensor and a faster processor.
* [[Hyperkeratosis]]
 
* [[Squamous cell carcinoma]]
===Series 7===
[[Category:Dermatology]]
The Series 7, released in 2021, featured a larger and more durable display, faster charging, and new color options.
[[Category:Skin conditions resulting from physical factors]]
 
[[Category:Arsenic]]
===Series 8===
The Series 8, released in 2022, introduced temperature sensing and crash detection features.
 
===Apple Watch Ultra===
The Apple Watch Ultra, released in 2022, is designed for extreme sports and outdoor activities, featuring a larger display, enhanced durability, and additional sensors.
 
==Software==
The Apple Watch runs on [[watchOS]], a version of Apple's iOS designed specifically for the watch. It includes a variety of apps for fitness, communication, and productivity, and supports third-party apps available through the [[App Store]].
 
==Related pages==
* [[iPhone]]
* [[iPad]]
* [[MacBook]]
* [[Apple Inc.]]
 
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Apple Watch official logo.svg|Apple Watch official logo
File:Apple Watch Series 8 Midnight Aluminium Case.jpg|Apple Watch Series 8
File:Apple Watch Series 4 40mm space gray Aluminum.jpg|Apple Watch Series 4
File:Apple Watch back sensors.jpg|Apple Watch back sensors
File:Apple Watch discovery table.jpg|Apple Watch discovery table
File:Apple S1 module.png|Apple S1 module
File:Apple S2 module.png|Apple S2 module
File:Apple S3 module.png|Apple S3 module
File:Apple Watch Series 4 Extract.png|Apple Watch Series 4 Extract
File:Apple S5 module.png|Apple S5 module
File:Apple S6 module.png|Apple S6 module
File:Apple S7 module.png|Apple S7 module
File:Apple S8 module.png|Apple S8 module
File:Apple Watch Series 10.jpg|Apple Watch Series 10
File:Apple store opens on iWatch day 2015 -06-10 jeh.jpg|Apple store on iWatch day
File:Christian Scott aTunde Adjuah LV Rotterdam 19 november 2017 - Christian Scott (37656445105).jpg|Christian Scott wearing Apple Watch
File:Apple Watch 5 40mm on my desk.jpg|Apple Watch 5 on desk
</gallery>
 
[[Category:Apple Inc. hardware]]
[[Category:Smartwatches]]
[[Category:Wearable devices]]

Latest revision as of 17:12, 4 April 2025

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Arsenical keratosis
Synonyms N/A
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Hyperkeratosis on palms and soles
Complications Skin cancer
Onset Months to years after exposure
Duration Chronic
Types N/A
Causes Arsenic exposure
Risks Occupational exposure, contaminated water
Diagnosis Clinical diagnosis, biopsy
Differential diagnosis Callus, psoriasis, eczema
Prevention Avoidance of arsenic exposure
Treatment Topical treatments, cryotherapy, laser therapy
Medication N/A
Prognosis Variable, risk of malignancy
Frequency Common in areas with high arsenic exposure
Deaths N/A


A skin condition caused by chronic arsenic exposure


Arsenical keratosis[edit]

Arsenical keratosis on the palms of a patient

Arsenical keratosis is a dermatological condition characterized by the development of small, corn-like growths on the skin, primarily on the palms and soles. These lesions are a result of chronic exposure to arsenic, a toxic metalloid that can be found in contaminated water, certain pesticides, and industrial processes.

Pathophysiology[edit]

Arsenical keratosis occurs due to the accumulation of arsenic in the skin over time. Arsenic interferes with cellular processes, leading to hyperkeratosis, which is the thickening of the outer layer of the skin. This condition is often associated with long-term exposure to arsenic, which can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact.

Clinical presentation[edit]

Patients with arsenical keratosis typically present with multiple, small, hard, and scaly lesions on the palms and soles. These lesions may be skin-colored or slightly pigmented. Over time, they can become more pronounced and may coalesce into larger plaques. In some cases, arsenical keratosis can progress to squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer.

Diagnosis[edit]

The diagnosis of arsenical keratosis is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the lesions and a history of arsenic exposure. A skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out malignancy. Laboratory tests can also be conducted to measure arsenic levels in the body.

Treatment[edit]

The primary treatment for arsenical keratosis involves the removal of the source of arsenic exposure. Topical treatments, such as keratolytic agents, can be used to reduce the thickness of the lesions. In some cases, surgical removal or laser therapy may be necessary. Regular monitoring is important to detect any malignant transformation early.

Prevention[edit]

Preventing arsenical keratosis involves reducing exposure to arsenic. This can be achieved by ensuring access to clean drinking water, using protective equipment in industrial settings, and avoiding the use of arsenic-containing pesticides.

See also[edit]

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