Elitism

Elitism is a belief or attitude that some individuals, who form an elite — a select group of people with a certain ancestry, intrinsic quality or worth, high intellect, wealth, specialized training or experience, or other distinctive attributes — are those whose influence or authority is greater than that of others; whose views on a matter are to be taken more seriously or carry more weight; whose views or actions are more likely to be constructive to society as a whole; or whose extraordinary skills, abilities, or wisdom render them especially fit to govern.

Origins and development

The term elitism and the pejorative elitist are relatively recent additions to the English language, dating from 1823 and 1950 respectively; they are derived from the term "elite", which originates from the Old French "elite", which in turn originates from the Latin "eligere", meaning "to elect". In sociology, the term "elite" refers to a relatively small dominant group within a large society, having a privileged status perceived as being envied by others of a lower line of order.

Types of elitism

Elitism may be political, economic, racial, religious, or intellectual.

Political elitism

In political science, political elitism refers to the theory that a small group of political elites are the most fit to govern. This theory has been criticized on the basis that it is undemocratic and contrary to the principles of egalitarianism.

Economic elitism

Economic elitism is the belief that certain economic groups are superior to others and should therefore have greater rights or privileges. In this view, the economic elite are the decision-makers of society and should be allowed to make decisions that affect the economy.

Racial and religious elitism

Racial and religious elitism is the belief that a particular race or religion is superior to others. Some forms of racial elitism have been used to justify discrimination, racial segregation, and the social and economic inequality of different races.

Intellectual elitism

Intellectual elitism is the belief that certain individuals or groups are superior based on their intellect, and that they should be in positions of leadership and power. Intellectual elitists believe that intelligence, expertise, and a comprehensive education are essential qualities for effective leaders.

Criticism

Critics of elitism argue that it is unjust, undemocratic, and contrary to the principles of egalitarianism. They argue that elitism can lead to social inequality and create a divide between different sections of society.

See also

• Plutocracy
• Oligarchy
• Meritocracy
• Social stratification

References

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