Tumefactive multiple sclerosis: Difference between revisions
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{{SI}} | |||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Tumefactive multiple sclerosis | |||
| image = [[File:AFIP-00405558-Glioblastoma-Radiology.jpg|left|thumb|MRI of a brain with tumefactive multiple sclerosis]] | |||
| caption = MRI of a brain with tumefactive multiple sclerosis | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Headache]], [[seizures]], [[cognitive dysfunction]], [[aphasia]], [[hemiparesis]] | |||
| complications = [[Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy]], [[disability]] | |||
| onset = Typically between ages 20 and 40 | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = Unknown, possibly [[autoimmune disease]] | |||
| risks = [[Genetic predisposition]], [[viral infections]], [[smoking]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]], [[biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Glioblastoma]], [[abscess]], [[lymphoma]], [[metastasis]] | |||
| treatment = [[Corticosteroids]], [[plasmapheresis]], [[immunosuppressive drugs]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, can progress to [[multiple sclerosis]] | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A rare form of multiple sclerosis}} | {{Short description|A rare form of multiple sclerosis}} | ||
'''Tumefactive multiple sclerosis''' is a rare form of [[multiple sclerosis]] (MS) characterized by large [[lesions]] in the [[central nervous system]] that resemble [[tumors]]. These lesions are typically larger than two centimeters and can mimic the appearance of a [[glioblastoma]] or other types of brain tumors on [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) scans. | '''Tumefactive multiple sclerosis''' is a rare form of [[multiple sclerosis]] (MS) characterized by large [[lesions]] in the [[central nervous system]] that resemble [[tumors]]. These lesions are typically larger than two centimeters and can mimic the appearance of a [[glioblastoma]] or other types of brain tumors on [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) scans. | ||
==Presentation== | ==Presentation== | ||
Patients with tumefactive multiple sclerosis often present with symptoms similar to those of a brain tumor, including [[headaches]], [[seizures]], [[cognitive impairment]], and [[focal neurological deficits]]. The condition can be challenging to diagnose due to its similarity to other neurological disorders. | Patients with tumefactive multiple sclerosis often present with symptoms similar to those of a brain tumor, including [[headaches]], [[seizures]], [[cognitive impairment]], and [[focal neurological deficits]]. The condition can be challenging to diagnose due to its similarity to other neurological disorders. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of tumefactive multiple sclerosis is primarily based on [[neuroimaging]] techniques, particularly MRI. The lesions in tumefactive MS are typically large, with [[edema]] and [[mass effect]], and may show [[ring enhancement]] after the administration of contrast agents. A [[biopsy]] may be necessary to differentiate tumefactive MS from other conditions such as [[glioblastoma]] or [[abscesses]]. | The diagnosis of tumefactive multiple sclerosis is primarily based on [[neuroimaging]] techniques, particularly MRI. The lesions in tumefactive MS are typically large, with [[edema]] and [[mass effect]], and may show [[ring enhancement]] after the administration of contrast agents. A [[biopsy]] may be necessary to differentiate tumefactive MS from other conditions such as [[glioblastoma]] or [[abscesses]]. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
The exact cause of tumefactive multiple sclerosis is not well understood, but it is believed to involve an aggressive inflammatory process within the [[central nervous system]]. Like other forms of MS, it is thought to be an [[autoimmune disease]] where the body's immune system attacks the [[myelin]] sheath surrounding nerve fibers. | The exact cause of tumefactive multiple sclerosis is not well understood, but it is believed to involve an aggressive inflammatory process within the [[central nervous system]]. Like other forms of MS, it is thought to be an [[autoimmune disease]] where the body's immune system attacks the [[myelin]] sheath surrounding nerve fibers. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for tumefactive multiple sclerosis often involves high-dose [[corticosteroids]] to reduce inflammation and [[edema]]. Other treatments may include [[plasmapheresis]] or [[immunosuppressive therapy]]. The management of tumefactive MS can be complex and may require a multidisciplinary approach. | Treatment for tumefactive multiple sclerosis often involves high-dose [[corticosteroids]] to reduce inflammation and [[edema]]. Other treatments may include [[plasmapheresis]] or [[immunosuppressive therapy]]. The management of tumefactive MS can be complex and may require a multidisciplinary approach. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for individuals with tumefactive multiple sclerosis varies. Some patients may experience a single episode with complete recovery, while others may develop [[relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis]] or [[primary progressive multiple sclerosis]]. | The prognosis for individuals with tumefactive multiple sclerosis varies. Some patients may experience a single episode with complete recovery, while others may develop [[relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis]] or [[primary progressive multiple sclerosis]]. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Multiple sclerosis]] | * [[Multiple sclerosis]] | ||
* [[Glioblastoma]] | * [[Glioblastoma]] | ||
* [[Autoimmune disease]] | * [[Autoimmune disease]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Multiple sclerosis]] | [[Category:Multiple sclerosis]] | ||
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 23:17, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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| Tumefactive multiple sclerosis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Headache, seizures, cognitive dysfunction, aphasia, hemiparesis |
| Complications | Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, disability |
| Onset | Typically between ages 20 and 40 |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Unknown, possibly autoimmune disease |
| Risks | Genetic predisposition, viral infections, smoking |
| Diagnosis | MRI, biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Glioblastoma, abscess, lymphoma, metastasis |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, immunosuppressive drugs |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, can progress to multiple sclerosis |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
A rare form of multiple sclerosis
Tumefactive multiple sclerosis is a rare form of multiple sclerosis (MS) characterized by large lesions in the central nervous system that resemble tumors. These lesions are typically larger than two centimeters and can mimic the appearance of a glioblastoma or other types of brain tumors on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
Presentation[edit]
Patients with tumefactive multiple sclerosis often present with symptoms similar to those of a brain tumor, including headaches, seizures, cognitive impairment, and focal neurological deficits. The condition can be challenging to diagnose due to its similarity to other neurological disorders.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of tumefactive multiple sclerosis is primarily based on neuroimaging techniques, particularly MRI. The lesions in tumefactive MS are typically large, with edema and mass effect, and may show ring enhancement after the administration of contrast agents. A biopsy may be necessary to differentiate tumefactive MS from other conditions such as glioblastoma or abscesses.
Pathophysiology[edit]
The exact cause of tumefactive multiple sclerosis is not well understood, but it is believed to involve an aggressive inflammatory process within the central nervous system. Like other forms of MS, it is thought to be an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for tumefactive multiple sclerosis often involves high-dose corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and edema. Other treatments may include plasmapheresis or immunosuppressive therapy. The management of tumefactive MS can be complex and may require a multidisciplinary approach.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for individuals with tumefactive multiple sclerosis varies. Some patients may experience a single episode with complete recovery, while others may develop relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis or primary progressive multiple sclerosis.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
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