Bohrium: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 21:07, 23 February 2025

Bohrium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Bh and atomic number 107. It is a member of the transition metals and is part of the 7th period in the periodic table. Bohrium is named after the Danish physicist Niels Bohr, who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory.

Properties[edit]

Bohrium is a radioactive element and is not found naturally on Earth. It is produced artificially in a laboratory setting. Due to its position in the periodic table, it is expected to have properties similar to other group 7 elements, such as rhenium and manganese.

Physical Properties[edit]

- Atomic Number: 107
- Atomic Weight: [270] (most stable isotope)
- Density: Unknown, but predicted to be around 37.1 g/cm³
- Melting Point: Unknown
- Boiling Point: Unknown

Chemical Properties[edit]

Bohrium is expected to exhibit chemical behavior similar to that of rhenium. It is predicted to form a stable +7 oxidation state, and possibly lower oxidation states as well. Due to its short half-life, detailed chemical studies have not been conducted.

Isotopes[edit]

Bohrium has several isotopes, all of which are radioactive. The most stable isotope is Bohrium-270, with a half-life of approximately 61 seconds. Other isotopes include Bohrium-267, Bohrium-271, and Bohrium-272, each with varying half-lives and decay modes.

Production[edit]

Bohrium is produced in particle accelerators through the fusion of lighter elements. The most common method involves bombarding Bismuth-209 with Chromium-54 ions:

\[ \text{\(^{209}_{83}Bi + \ ^{54}_{24}Cr \rightarrow \ ^{262}_{107}Bh + 1n\)} \]

This reaction produces Bohrium-262, which decays rapidly into lighter elements.

Applications[edit]

Due to its short half-life and the difficulty in producing it, bohrium has no practical applications outside of scientific research. It is primarily used in experiments to study the properties of superheavy elements and to test theoretical models of atomic structure.

History[edit]

Bohrium was first synthesized in 1981 by a team of scientists at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt, Germany. The team was led by Peter Armbruster and Gottfried Münzenberg. The element was named in honor of Niels Bohr, reflecting his contributions to the understanding of atomic structure.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[file:Niels_Bohr.jpg|thumb|Niels Bohr]] [[file:Bohrium_hassium_meitnerium_ceremony.jpg|thumb|Bohrium hassium meitnerium ceremony|left]] '''Bohrium''' is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol '''Bh''' and atomic number 107. It is named after the Danish physicist [[Niels Bohr]]. As a synthetic element, it is not found naturally on Earth and can only be created in a laboratory.
+Bohrium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Bh and atomic number 107. It is a member of the [[transition metals]] and is part of the [[7th period]] in the [[periodic table]]. Bohrium is named after the Danish physicist [[Niels Bohr]], who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory.
-== Discovery ==
+==Properties==
-Bohrium was first synthesized in 1981 by a team of scientists at the [[Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung]] (GSI) in [[Darmstadt]], [[Germany]]. The team, led by [[Peter Armbruster]] and [[Gottfried Münzenberg]], bombarded a target of [[bismuth]]-209 with accelerated nuclei of [[chromium]]-54, resulting in the creation of bohrium.
-== Properties ==
+Bohrium is a [[radioactive element]] and is not found naturally on Earth. It is produced artificially in a laboratory setting. Due to its position in the periodic table, it is expected to have properties similar to other group 7 elements, such as [[rhenium]] and [[manganese]].
-Bohrium is a member of the [[transition metals]] and is part of the [[7th period]] and [[group 7]] of the [[periodic table]]. Due to its position in the periodic table, it is expected to have similar properties to other group 7 elements, such as [[manganese]], [[technetium]], and [[rhenium]]. However, due to its short half-life, many of its properties have not been observed directly.
-=== Physical Properties ===
+===Physical Properties===
-The physical properties of bohrium are largely unknown due to its extremely short half-life. It is expected to be a solid under normal conditions and to have a high density.
-=== Chemical Properties ===
+* - '''Atomic Number''': 107
-Bohrium is expected to exhibit chemical properties similar to those of other group 7 elements. It is predicted to form compounds in the +7 oxidation state, similar to [[rhenium]] and [[technetium]].
+* - '''Atomic Weight''': [270] (most stable isotope)
+* - '''Density''': Unknown, but predicted to be around 37.1 g/cm³
+* - '''Melting Point''': Unknown
+* - '''Boiling Point''': Unknown
-== Isotopes ==
+===Chemical Properties===
-Several isotopes of bohrium have been synthesized, with the most stable isotope being bohrium-270, which has a half-life of approximately 61 seconds. Other isotopes include bohrium-267, bohrium-271, and bohrium-272, all of which have shorter half-lives.
-== Applications ==
+Bohrium is expected to exhibit chemical behavior similar to that of rhenium. It is predicted to form a stable +7 oxidation state, and possibly lower oxidation states as well. Due to its short half-life, detailed chemical studies have not been conducted.
-Due to its short half-life and the difficulty in producing it, bohrium has no practical applications outside of scientific research. It is primarily used in the study of the properties of heavy elements and the synthesis of new elements.
-== See Also ==
+==Isotopes==
-* [[Periodic table]]
-* [[Transition metals]]
-* [[Synthetic elements]]
-* [[Niels Bohr]]
-* [[Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung]]
-== References ==
+Bohrium has several isotopes, all of which are radioactive. The most stable isotope is [[Bohrium-270]], with a half-life of approximately 61 seconds. Other isotopes include Bohrium-267, Bohrium-271, and Bohrium-272, each with varying half-lives and decay modes.
-{{reflist}}
-== External Links ==
+==Production==
-{{Commons category|Bohrium}}
-{{Periodic table}}
+Bohrium is produced in particle accelerators through the fusion of lighter elements. The most common method involves bombarding [[Bismuth-209]] with [[Chromium-54]] ions:
+\[
+\text{\(^{209}_{83}Bi + \ ^{54}_{24}Cr \rightarrow \ ^{262}_{107}Bh + 1n\)}
+\]
+This reaction produces Bohrium-262, which decays rapidly into lighter elements.
+==Applications==
+Due to its short half-life and the difficulty in producing it, bohrium has no practical applications outside of scientific research. It is primarily used in experiments to study the properties of superheavy elements and to test theoretical models of atomic structure.
+==History==
+Bohrium was first synthesized in 1981 by a team of scientists at the [[Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung]] (GSI) in [[Darmstadt]], Germany. The team was led by [[Peter Armbruster]] and [[Gottfried Münzenberg]]. The element was named in honor of Niels Bohr, reflecting his contributions to the understanding of atomic structure.
+==See Also==
+* - [[Periodic Table]]
+* - [[Transition Metals]]
+* - [[Radioactive Elements]]
+* - [[Synthetic Elements]]
+{{Bohrium}}
 [[Category:Chemical elements]]
 [[Category:Synthetic elements]]
 [[Category:Transition metals]]
-[[Category:Group 7 elements]]
+[[Category:Radioactive elements]]
-[[Category:Science and technology in Germany]]
+<gallery>
-[[Category:1981 in science]]
+File:Niels_Bohr.jpg|Niels Bohr
+File:Bohrium_hassium_meitnerium_ceremony.jpg|Bohrium hassium meitnerium ceremony
-{{element-stub}}
+</gallery>