Transurethral resection of the prostate syndrome: Difference between revisions

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'''Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Syndrome''' ('''TURP Syndrome''') is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication that can occur during or after a [[Transurethral Resection of the Prostate]] (TURP) procedure. TURP is a common surgical procedure used to treat [[Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia]] (BPH), a condition characterized by the enlargement of the prostate gland which can lead to difficulty in urination.


==Overview==
{{Infobox medical condition
TURP syndrome is primarily caused by the absorption of excessive irrigation fluid used during the TURP procedure into the systemic circulation. This can lead to a range of clinical manifestations including [[Hyponatremia]] (low sodium levels in the blood), fluid overload, [[Hypertension]] (high blood pressure), [[Pulmonary Edema]] (fluid accumulation in the lungs), and in severe cases, [[Cerebral Edema]] (swelling of the brain), which can be fatal.
| name            = Transurethral resection of the prostate syndrome
 
| synonyms        = TURP syndrome
==Symptoms==
| field          = [[Urology]]
Symptoms of TURP syndrome may include:
| symptoms        = [[Hyponatremia]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[confusion]], [[hypertension]], [[bradycardia]], [[visual disturbances]]
| complications  = [[Seizures]], [[coma]], [[cardiac arrest]]
| onset          = During or shortly after [[transurethral resection of the prostate]]
| duration        = Variable, depending on severity and treatment
| causes          = Absorption of [[irrigation fluid]] during [[transurethral resection of the prostate]]
| risks          = Large prostate size, prolonged surgery time, use of [[hypotonic]] irrigation fluids
| diagnosis      = Clinical evaluation, [[serum sodium]] measurement
| differential    = [[Hyponatremia]] from other causes, [[sepsis]], [[anesthesia]]-related complications
| prevention      = Use of [[isotonic]] irrigation fluids, limiting surgery time, monitoring fluid absorption
| treatment      = [[Fluid restriction]], [[diuretics]], [[hypertonic saline]] administration
| prognosis      = Good with prompt recognition and treatment
| frequency      = Rare with modern techniques
}}
== Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Syndrome ==
'''Transurethral resection of the prostate syndrome''' ('''TURP syndrome''') is a rare but serious complication that can occur during or after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) procedure. TURP is a surgical procedure used to treat urinary problems due to an enlarged prostate.
== Pathophysiology ==
TURP syndrome is primarily caused by the absorption of irrigation fluids used during the procedure. During TURP, a resectoscope is inserted through the urethra to remove prostate tissue. To maintain a clear field of vision, continuous irrigation with fluids is necessary. If these fluids are absorbed into the bloodstream, it can lead to a condition known as water intoxication or dilutional hyponatremia.
== Symptoms ==
The symptoms of TURP syndrome can vary but often include:
* Nausea and vomiting
* Nausea and vomiting
* Confusion or mental status changes
* Confusion or altered mental status
* Hypertension or hypotension
* Hypertension or hypotension
* Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
* Bradycardia
* Visual disturbances
* Visual disturbances
* Muscle cramps or weakness
* Seizures
* Seizures
 
* Pulmonary edema
==Pathophysiology==
== Diagnosis ==
The pathophysiology of TURP syndrome involves the absorption of large volumes of irrigation fluid into the venous system through open prostatic veins during surgery. The commonly used irrigation fluid is hypotonic, which can lead to a dilutional hyponatremia and a shift of water into cells, causing cellular edema.
Diagnosis of TURP syndrome is based on clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. Blood tests may reveal hyponatremia, hypo-osmolality, and other electrolyte imbalances. Monitoring of fluid balance and electrolytes is crucial during and after the procedure.
 
== Treatment ==
==Diagnosis==
The treatment of TURP syndrome involves:
Diagnosis of TURP syndrome is primarily clinical, based on the presentation of symptoms and the timing of their occurrence during or after a TURP procedure. Laboratory tests showing hyponatremia and other electrolyte imbalances can support the diagnosis.
* Discontinuation of the irrigation fluid
 
* Administration of diuretics to promote diuresis
==Treatment==
* Intravenous administration of hypertonic saline to correct hyponatremia
Treatment of TURP syndrome focuses on correcting the fluid and electrolyte imbalances. This may involve:
* Monitoring and supportive care in a hospital setting
* Restriction of fluid intake
== Prevention ==
* Administration of hypertonic saline to correct hyponatremia
Preventive measures include:
* Diuretics to manage fluid overload
* Using isotonic or near-isotonic irrigation solutions
* Supportive care for other symptoms as needed
* Limiting the duration of the procedure
 
* Monitoring fluid absorption and electrolyte levels
In severe cases, intensive care may be required to manage the complications of the syndrome.
== Related pages ==
 
* [[Transurethral resection of the prostate]]
==Prevention==
* [[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]]
Preventive measures for TURP syndrome include careful monitoring of fluid balance during the procedure, using minimally invasive surgical techniques to reduce the risk of fluid absorption, and limiting the duration of the procedure to reduce exposure to irrigation fluids.
* [[Hyponatremia]]
 
==Conclusion==
TURP syndrome is a serious complication of the TURP procedure, but with appropriate preventive measures and prompt recognition and treatment of symptoms, the risks can be minimized. Awareness and understanding of TURP syndrome among healthcare providers are essential for ensuring patient safety during and after TURP procedures.
 
[[Category:Urology]]
[[Category:Urology]]
[[Category:Medical conditions]]
[[Category:Syndromes]]
{{medicine-stub}}

Latest revision as of 00:17, 4 April 2025


Transurethral resection of the prostate syndrome
Synonyms TURP syndrome
Pronounce N/A
Specialty N/A
Symptoms Hyponatremia, nausea, vomiting, confusion, hypertension, bradycardia, visual disturbances
Complications Seizures, coma, cardiac arrest
Onset During or shortly after transurethral resection of the prostate
Duration Variable, depending on severity and treatment
Types N/A
Causes Absorption of irrigation fluid during transurethral resection of the prostate
Risks Large prostate size, prolonged surgery time, use of hypotonic irrigation fluids
Diagnosis Clinical evaluation, serum sodium measurement
Differential diagnosis Hyponatremia from other causes, sepsis, anesthesia-related complications
Prevention Use of isotonic irrigation fluids, limiting surgery time, monitoring fluid absorption
Treatment Fluid restriction, diuretics, hypertonic saline administration
Medication N/A
Prognosis Good with prompt recognition and treatment
Frequency Rare with modern techniques
Deaths N/A


Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Syndrome[edit]

Transurethral resection of the prostate syndrome (TURP syndrome) is a rare but serious complication that can occur during or after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) procedure. TURP is a surgical procedure used to treat urinary problems due to an enlarged prostate.

Pathophysiology[edit]

TURP syndrome is primarily caused by the absorption of irrigation fluids used during the procedure. During TURP, a resectoscope is inserted through the urethra to remove prostate tissue. To maintain a clear field of vision, continuous irrigation with fluids is necessary. If these fluids are absorbed into the bloodstream, it can lead to a condition known as water intoxication or dilutional hyponatremia.

Symptoms[edit]

The symptoms of TURP syndrome can vary but often include:

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Confusion or altered mental status
  • Hypertension or hypotension
  • Bradycardia
  • Visual disturbances
  • Seizures
  • Pulmonary edema

Diagnosis[edit]

Diagnosis of TURP syndrome is based on clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. Blood tests may reveal hyponatremia, hypo-osmolality, and other electrolyte imbalances. Monitoring of fluid balance and electrolytes is crucial during and after the procedure.

Treatment[edit]

The treatment of TURP syndrome involves:

  • Discontinuation of the irrigation fluid
  • Administration of diuretics to promote diuresis
  • Intravenous administration of hypertonic saline to correct hyponatremia
  • Monitoring and supportive care in a hospital setting

Prevention[edit]

Preventive measures include:

  • Using isotonic or near-isotonic irrigation solutions
  • Limiting the duration of the procedure
  • Monitoring fluid absorption and electrolyte levels

Related pages[edit]

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