Ultranationalism: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:58, 18 February 2025

Ultranationalism[edit]

Ultranationalism is an extreme form of nationalism that promotes the interests of one state or people above all others. It often involves a strong sense of national identity and can lead to xenophobia, racism, and ethnic cleansing. Ultranationalism is characterized by an authoritarian approach to governance and a rejection of multiculturalism and international cooperation.

Characteristics[edit]

Ultranationalism is marked by an intense loyalty to one's nation and a belief in its superiority over others. This ideology often includes:

Exclusivity: A belief that the nation should be composed of a single ethnic or cultural group.
Militarism: A focus on military strength and readiness to use force to achieve national goals.
Authoritarianism: Support for strong, centralized control and suppression of dissent.
Propaganda: Use of media and education to promote nationalistic ideals and demonize outsiders.

Historical Examples[edit]

Europe[edit]

In Europe, ultranationalism has been associated with various movements and regimes, particularly in the early to mid-20th century. The Fascist regimes of Italy under Benito Mussolini and Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler are prime examples. These regimes promoted aggressive nationalism, leading to World War II and the Holocaust.

Asia[edit]

Propaganda posters of Manchukuo, a puppet state established by Japan.

In Asia, ultranationalism was evident in Imperial Japan, where the state promoted the idea of Japanese racial superiority and expansionism, leading to the occupation of neighboring countries and the establishment of puppet states like Manchukuo.

Romania[edit]

In Romania, the Iron Guard, also known as the Legionary Movement, was a far-right ultranationalist group led by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu. The movement was known for its violent tactics and anti-Semitic ideology.

Sri Lanka[edit]

In Sri Lanka, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) represented an ultranationalist movement seeking an independent Tamil state. The conflict with the Sri Lankan government led to a prolonged civil war.

Greece[edit]

In contemporary Greece, the Golden Dawn party has been associated with ultranationalist and neo-Nazi ideologies, advocating for strict immigration controls and national purity.

Related Pages[edit]

Ultranationalism
Oswald Mosley and Benito Mussolini, 1936
Propaganda posters of Manchukuo
Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Legionary Movement
LTTE bike platoon north of Killinochini, May 2004
Golden Dawn members at rally in Athens, 2015

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-'''Ultranationalism''' is a form of [[nationalism]] that often combines elements of [[racism]], [[xenophobia]], and [[ethnocentrism]]. It is characterized by a strong belief in the superiority and uniqueness of one's own nation, often to the exclusion of others. Ultranationalists typically advocate for policies that prioritize the interests of their own nation, often at the expense of international cooperation and global peace.
+== Ultranationalism ==
-== Origins and Development ==
+[[File:Chernosotenzy_v_odessa.jpg|thumb|right|Chernosotenzy in Odessa, a group associated with ultranationalist activities.]]
-The origins of ultranationalism can be traced back to the 19th century, when the concept of the [[nation-state]] began to take shape. The rise of [[industrialization]] and the spread of [[liberalism]] and [[democracy]] led to a shift in political and social structures, which in turn led to the emergence of nationalist movements. These movements often took on an ultranationalist character, as they sought to assert the superiority and independence of their own nations.
+'''Ultranationalism''' is an extreme form of [[nationalism]] that promotes the interests of one state or people above all others. It often involves a strong sense of [[national identity]] and can lead to [[xenophobia]], [[racism]], and [[ethnic cleansing]]. Ultranationalism is characterized by an authoritarian approach to governance and a rejection of [[multiculturalism]] and [[international cooperation]].
-In the 20th century, ultranationalism played a significant role in the lead-up to both World Wars. The aggressive nationalism of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan, for example, was a key factor in the outbreak of World War II. In the post-war period, ultranationalism has continued to be a potent force in global politics, contributing to conflicts and tensions in regions such as the Balkans, the Middle East, and East Asia.
+== Characteristics ==
+Ultranationalism is marked by an intense loyalty to one's nation and a belief in its superiority over others. This ideology often includes:
+* '''Exclusivity''': A belief that the nation should be composed of a single ethnic or cultural group.
+* '''Militarism''': A focus on military strength and readiness to use force to achieve national goals.
+* '''Authoritarianism''': Support for strong, centralized control and suppression of dissent.
+* '''Propaganda''': Use of media and education to promote nationalistic ideals and demonize outsiders.
+== Historical Examples ==
-== Characteristics ==
+=== Europe ===
+[[File:Oswald_Mosley_and_Benito_Mussolini_1936.jpg|thumb|right|Oswald Mosley and Benito Mussolini, both associated with ultranationalist movements in Europe.]]
+In Europe, ultranationalism has been associated with various movements and regimes, particularly in the early to mid-20th century. The [[Fascist]] regimes of [[Italy]] under [[Benito Mussolini]] and [[Nazi Germany]] under [[Adolf Hitler]] are prime examples. These regimes promoted aggressive nationalism, leading to [[World War II]] and the [[Holocaust]].
-Ultranationalism is characterized by a strong belief in the superiority and uniqueness of one's own nation. This often manifests in a rejection of [[multiculturalism]] and [[globalization]], and a desire to preserve and promote one's own cultural and ethnic identity. Ultranationalists often advocate for policies that prioritize the interests of their own nation, such as restrictive immigration policies and protectionist economic measures.
+=== Asia ===
+[[File:Propaganda_posters_of_Manchukuo.JPG|thumb|right|Propaganda posters of Manchukuo, a puppet state established by Japan.]]
+In Asia, ultranationalism was evident in [[Imperial Japan]], where the state promoted the idea of Japanese racial superiority and expansionism, leading to the occupation of neighboring countries and the establishment of puppet states like [[Manchukuo]].
-Ultranationalism is often associated with [[authoritarianism]], as ultranationalist movements frequently seek to consolidate power in a strong central authority. This can lead to the suppression of dissent and the violation of human rights.
+=== Romania ===
+[[File:Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu_archive_Legionary_Movement_Romanian_Christian_Nationalists.jpg|thumb|right|Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, leader of the Legionary Movement in Romania.]]
+In Romania, the [[Iron Guard]], also known as the Legionary Movement, was a far-right ultranationalist group led by [[Corneliu Zelea Codreanu]]. The movement was known for its violent tactics and anti-Semitic ideology.
-== Criticism and Controversy ==
+=== Sri Lanka ===
+[[File:LTTE_bike_platoon_north_of_Killinochini_may_2004.jpg|thumb|right|LTTE bike platoon, an example of ultranationalist militancy in Sri Lanka.]]
+In Sri Lanka, the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]] (LTTE) represented an ultranationalist movement seeking an independent Tamil state. The conflict with the Sri Lankan government led to a prolonged civil war.
-Ultranationalism has been widely criticized for its tendency to foster division and conflict. Critics argue that it promotes a narrow and exclusionary view of identity, which can lead to discrimination, violence, and even genocide. The atrocities committed by Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan during World War II, for example, are often cited as examples of the dangers of ultranationalist ideology.
+=== Greece ===
+[[File:Golden_Dawn_members_at_rally_in_Athens_2015.jpg|thumb|right|Golden Dawn members at a rally in Athens, 2015.]]
+In contemporary Greece, the [[Golden Dawn (Greece)|Golden Dawn]] party has been associated with ultranationalist and neo-Nazi ideologies, advocating for strict immigration controls and national purity.
-Despite these criticisms, ultranationalism continues to be a powerful force in many parts of the world. Its appeal often lies in its ability to tap into deep-seated fears and anxieties, offering a sense of security and belonging in a rapidly changing world.
+== Related Pages ==
+* [[Nationalism]]
+* [[Fascism]]
+* [[Racism]]
+* [[Xenophobia]]
+* [[Ethnic cleansing]]
+[[Category:Nationalism]]
 [[Category:Political ideologies]]
-[[Category:Nationalism]]
+[[Category:Far-right politics]]
-[[Category:Ultranationalism]]
+<gallery>
+File:Chernosotenzy_v_odessa.jpg|Ultranationalism
-{{politics-stub}}
+File:Oswald_Mosley_and_Benito_Mussolini_1936.jpg|Oswald Mosley and Benito Mussolini, 1936
-{{sociology-stub}}
+File:Propaganda_posters_of_Manchukuo.JPG|Propaganda posters of Manchukuo
-{{medicine-stub}}
+File:Corneliu_Zelea_Codreanu_archive_Legionary_Movement_Romanian_Christian_Nationalists.jpg|Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Legionary Movement
+File:LTTE_bike_platoon_north_of_Killinochini_may_2004.jpg|LTTE bike platoon north of Killinochini, May 2004
+File:Golden_Dawn_members_at_rally_in_Athens_2015.jpg|Golden Dawn members at rally in Athens, 2015
+</gallery>