Permanganic acid: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 05:26, 16 February 2025

Permanganic acid is a chemical compound with the formula HMnO_. It is a strong acid and a powerful oxidizing agent. Permanganic acid is the parent compound of permanganate salts, such as potassium permanganate.

Structure and Properties[edit]

Ball-and-stick model of permanganic acid

Permanganic acid is a tetrahedral molecule, with the central manganese atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms. The manganese atom is in the +7 oxidation state, which is the highest oxidation state for manganese. This high oxidation state is responsible for the strong oxidizing properties of permanganic acid.

Permanganic acid is typically a deep purple color in solution, similar to its salts. It is unstable in pure form and is usually encountered in aqueous solution.

Preparation[edit]

Permanganic acid can be prepared by the reaction of a permanganate salt with a strong acid. For example, the reaction of potassium permanganate with sulfuric acid can produce permanganic acid:

KMnO_ + H_SO_ _ HMnO_ + KHSO_

This reaction must be carried out carefully, as permanganic acid is unstable and can decompose, releasing oxygen gas.

Reactions[edit]

Permanganic acid is a strong oxidizing agent and can react with a variety of organic and inorganic compounds. It can oxidize alcohols to carboxylic acids, and it can also oxidize sulfides to sulfates.

In acidic solutions, permanganic acid can be reduced to manganese dioxide (MnO_), which is a brown solid:

2 HMnO_ + 3 H_O_ _ 2 MnO_ + 3 O_ + 4 H_O

Stability[edit]

Permanganic acid is not stable in concentrated form and tends to decompose, especially in the presence of light or heat. It is more stable in dilute solutions, where it can exist for a short period before decomposing.

Applications[edit]

While permanganic acid itself is not commonly used due to its instability, its salts, such as potassium permanganate, are widely used in chemistry and medicine. Potassium permanganate is used as a disinfectant, in water treatment, and as an oxidizing agent in various chemical reactions.

Related pages[edit]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Permanganic acid''' is a [[chemical compound]] with the formula HMnO4. It is a strong [[oxidizing agent]] and is used in various chemical reactions. The acid is not stable in the pure form and is usually used in the form of its salts, known as [[permanganates]].
+{{DISPLAYTITLE:Permanganic acid}}
-==Chemical Properties==
+'''Permanganic acid''' is a chemical compound with the formula HMnO_. It is a strong [[acid]] and a powerful [[oxidizing agent]]. Permanganic acid is the parent compound of [[permanganate]] salts, such as [[potassium permanganate]].
-Permanganic acid is a strong oxidizing agent. It has the ability to gain electrons in a chemical reaction, which is a characteristic of all [[oxidizing agents]]. The acid is not stable in its pure form and decomposes rapidly to [[manganese dioxide]] and oxygen.
-==Physical Properties==
+==Structure and Properties==
-The acid is a dark purple liquid at room temperature. It has a strong oxidizing property and can cause burns if it comes into contact with skin or eyes. It is soluble in water and decomposes rapidly in the presence of light.
+[[File:Permanganic-acid-3D-balls.png|thumb|right|Ball-and-stick model of permanganic acid]]
+Permanganic acid is a [[tetrahedral]] molecule, with the central [[manganese]] atom surrounded by four [[oxygen]] atoms. The manganese atom is in the +7 oxidation state, which is the highest oxidation state for manganese. This high oxidation state is responsible for the strong oxidizing properties of permanganic acid.
-==Uses==
+Permanganic acid is typically a deep purple color in solution, similar to its salts. It is unstable in pure form and is usually encountered in aqueous solution.
-Permanganic acid is used in various chemical reactions as an oxidizing agent. It is also used in the preparation of other chemicals, such as [[permanganates]]. In addition, it is used in the treatment of water and in the bleaching of textiles.
-==Safety==
+==Preparation==
-Due to its strong oxidizing properties, permanganic acid can be hazardous. It can cause burns if it comes into contact with skin or eyes. It is also harmful if swallowed or inhaled. Therefore, it should be handled with care and appropriate safety measures should be taken.
+Permanganic acid can be prepared by the reaction of a permanganate salt with a strong acid. For example, the reaction of [[potassium permanganate]] with [[sulfuric acid]] can produce permanganic acid:
-==See Also==
+: KMnO_ + H_SO_ _ HMnO_ + KHSO_
+This reaction must be carried out carefully, as permanganic acid is unstable and can decompose, releasing [[oxygen]] gas.
+==Reactions==
+Permanganic acid is a strong oxidizing agent and can react with a variety of [[organic]] and [[inorganic]] compounds. It can oxidize [[alcohols]] to [[carboxylic acids]], and it can also oxidize [[sulfides]] to [[sulfates]].
+In acidic solutions, permanganic acid can be reduced to [[manganese dioxide]] (MnO_), which is a brown solid:
+: 2 HMnO_ + 3 H_O_ _ 2 MnO_ + 3 O_ + 4 H_O
+==Stability==
+Permanganic acid is not stable in concentrated form and tends to decompose, especially in the presence of light or heat. It is more stable in dilute solutions, where it can exist for a short period before decomposing.
+==Applications==
+While permanganic acid itself is not commonly used due to its instability, its salts, such as potassium permanganate, are widely used in [[chemistry]] and [[medicine]]. Potassium permanganate is used as a disinfectant, in water treatment, and as an oxidizing agent in various chemical reactions.
+==Related pages==
+* [[Potassium permanganate]]
+* [[Manganese dioxide]]
 * [[Oxidizing agent]]
-* [[Permanganates]]
-* [[Manganese dioxide]]
-[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
+[[Category:Acids]]
+[[Category:Manganese compounds]]
 [[Category:Oxidizing agents]]
-{{Chemistry-stub}}