Triptan: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 10:59, 23 March 2025

Triptan[edit]

Sumatriptan

Triptans are a class of medications used primarily in the treatment of migraines and cluster headaches. They are selective serotonin receptor agonists that act on the 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptors. Triptans are effective in alleviating the symptoms of migraines, including headache, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Triptans work by stimulating the 5-HT_1B and 5-HT_1D receptors, which are subtypes of the serotonin receptor. This action leads to the constriction of dilated blood vessels in the brain, which is believed to be a primary cause of migraine headaches. Additionally, triptans inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides, further reducing migraine symptoms.

Pharmacokinetics[edit]

Triptans vary in their pharmacokinetic properties, including their onset of action, half-life, and bioavailability. For example, sumatriptan has a rapid onset but a short half-life, making it suitable for acute migraine attacks. In contrast, frovatriptan has a longer half-life, which may be beneficial for prolonged migraine episodes.

Common Triptans[edit]

File:Rizatriptan.png

Rizatriptan

Several triptans are available, each with unique properties:

Sumatriptan - The first triptan developed, available in various forms including tablets, nasal sprays, and injections.
Rizatriptan - Known for its rapid onset of action, often used in orally disintegrating tablet form.
Naratriptan - Has a longer half-life, providing sustained relief.
Eletriptan - Offers a balance between rapid onset and duration of action.
Almotriptan - Known for its high tolerability and efficacy.
Frovatriptan - Notable for its long half-life, useful for menstrual migraines.
Zolmitriptan - Available in nasal spray and orally disintegrating tablet forms.

Side Effects[edit]

Common side effects of triptans include dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, and sensations of tingling or warmth. Rarely, they can cause more serious cardiovascular effects, such as chest pain or tightness, due to their vasoconstrictive properties. Patients with a history of cardiovascular disease should use triptans with caution.

Contraindications[edit]

Triptans are contraindicated in individuals with a history of ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or uncontrolled hypertension. They should not be used in combination with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 24 hours of using another triptan or ergotamine-containing medication.

Related Pages[edit]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Toxic encephalopathy''' is a neurologic disorder caused by exposure to neurotoxic agents such as organic solvents, heavy metals, carbon monoxide, and certain medications. It can result in a wide range of neurologic symptoms, from mild cognitive impairment to severe dementia.
+== Triptan ==
-== Causes ==
+[[File:Sumatriptan.svg|thumb|right|Sumatriptan]]
-Toxic encephalopathy can be caused by a variety of substances, including [[organic solvents]], [[heavy metals]], [[carbon monoxide]], and certain [[medications]]. These substances can damage the brain either through direct toxicity or by causing an immune response that leads to inflammation and damage to brain tissue.
-== Symptoms ==
+'''Triptans''' are a class of [[medication]]s used primarily in the treatment of [[migraine]]s and [[cluster headache]]s. They are selective [[serotonin receptor agonist]]s that act on the 5-HT<sub>1B</sub> and 5-HT<sub>1D</sub> receptors. Triptans are effective in alleviating the symptoms of migraines, including headache, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound.
-The symptoms of toxic encephalopathy can vary widely, depending on the specific toxin involved and the extent of the exposure. They can range from mild cognitive impairment to severe dementia. Other possible symptoms include confusion, memory loss, personality changes, fatigue, headache, and difficulty concentrating.
-== Diagnosis ==
+== Mechanism of Action ==
-The diagnosis of toxic encephalopathy is often challenging, as the symptoms can be nonspecific and can mimic other neurologic disorders. The diagnosis is usually based on a combination of the patient's history of exposure to a potential neurotoxic agent, the presence of characteristic symptoms, and the exclusion of other possible causes.
-== Treatment ==
+Triptans work by stimulating the 5-HT<sub>1B</sub> and 5-HT<sub>1D</sub> receptors, which are subtypes of the [[serotonin receptor]]. This action leads to the constriction of dilated blood vessels in the brain, which is believed to be a primary cause of migraine headaches. Additionally, triptans inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides, further reducing migraine symptoms.
-The treatment of toxic encephalopathy primarily involves removing the source of the toxin and providing supportive care. In some cases, medications may be used to help manage symptoms. The prognosis for recovery depends on the extent of the exposure and the severity of the symptoms.
-== See also ==
+== Pharmacokinetics ==
-* [[Neurotoxicity]]
-* [[Organic solvents]]
-* [[Heavy metals]]
-* [[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
-[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
+Triptans vary in their pharmacokinetic properties, including their onset of action, half-life, and bioavailability. For example, [[sumatriptan]] has a rapid onset but a short half-life, making it suitable for acute migraine attacks. In contrast, [[frovatriptan]] has a longer half-life, which may be beneficial for prolonged migraine episodes.
-[[Category:Toxicology]]
-{{stub}}
+== Common Triptans ==
+[[File:Rizatriptan.png|thumb|left|Rizatriptan]]
+Several triptans are available, each with unique properties:
+* '''[[Sumatriptan]]''' - The first triptan developed, available in various forms including tablets, nasal sprays, and injections.
+* '''[[Rizatriptan]]''' - Known for its rapid onset of action, often used in orally disintegrating tablet form.
+* '''[[Naratriptan]]''' - Has a longer half-life, providing sustained relief.
+* '''[[Eletriptan]]''' - Offers a balance between rapid onset and duration of action.
+* '''[[Almotriptan]]''' - Known for its high tolerability and efficacy.
+* '''[[Frovatriptan]]''' - Notable for its long half-life, useful for menstrual migraines.
+* '''[[Zolmitriptan]]''' - Available in nasal spray and orally disintegrating tablet forms.
+== Side Effects ==
+Common side effects of triptans include dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, and sensations of tingling or warmth. Rarely, they can cause more serious cardiovascular effects, such as chest pain or tightness, due to their vasoconstrictive properties. Patients with a history of cardiovascular disease should use triptans with caution.
+== Contraindications ==
+Triptans are contraindicated in individuals with a history of [[ischemic heart disease]], [[cerebrovascular disease]], or uncontrolled [[hypertension]]. They should not be used in combination with [[monoamine oxidase inhibitors]] (MAOIs) or within 24 hours of using another triptan or [[ergotamine]]-containing medication.
+== Related Pages ==
+* [[Migraine]]
+* [[Serotonin receptor]]
+* [[Cluster headache]]
+* [[Vasoconstriction]]
+[[Category:Antimigraine drugs]]