Reverse transcriptase

Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA from an RNA template in a process called reverse transcription. It is a key component in retroviruses, such as HIV, which integrate their genetic material into the host cell's DNA.

Function

Reverse transcriptase is responsible for copying the viral RNA genome into DNA after the virus has entered a host cell. This DNA is then integrated into the host's genome by another viral enzyme, integrase. The host cell then produces new virus particles based on the integrated viral DNA.

Structure

Reverse transcriptase is a complex enzyme composed of several subunits. The exact structure can vary between different types of retroviruses, but all reverse transcriptases have a similar overall shape and perform the same basic function.

Clinical significance

Because of its crucial role in the life cycle of retroviruses, reverse transcriptase is a major target for antiretroviral therapy. Drugs that inhibit reverse transcriptase, known as reverse transcriptase inhibitors, can prevent the virus from replicating and reduce the amount of virus in the body.

See also

• Retrovirus
• HIV
• Antiretroviral therapy
• Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

References

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