Open fracture: Difference between revisions
From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Open fracture | |||
| image = [[File:Rheumatology_-_Open_fracture_--_Smart-Servier.png|250px]] | |||
| caption = Illustration of an open fracture | |||
| field = [[Orthopedic surgery]] | |||
| synonyms = Compound fracture | |||
| symptoms = [[Bone fracture]], [[open wound]] | |||
| complications = [[Infection]], [[nonunion]], [[compartment syndrome]] | |||
| onset = Sudden, due to trauma | |||
| duration = Varies, depending on severity and treatment | |||
| causes = [[Trauma]], such as [[falls]], [[motor vehicle accidents]], [[sports injuries]] | |||
| risks = [[High-energy trauma]], [[osteoporosis]], [[elderly]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Physical examination]], [[X-ray]], [[CT scan]] | |||
| differential = [[Closed fracture]], [[dislocation]], [[sprain]] | |||
| prevention = [[Safety equipment]], [[fall prevention]], [[osteoporosis treatment]] | |||
| treatment = [[Surgical debridement]], [[antibiotics]], [[fracture fixation]] | |||
| medication = [[Pain management]], [[antibiotics]] | |||
| prognosis = Varies, risk of complications | |||
| frequency = Common in [[trauma cases]] | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Flowchart_for_Treatment_of_Open_Fractures.png|Flowchart for treatment of open fractures|thumb|left]] | |||
'''Open fracture''' is a type of [[bone fracture]] in which there is an open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone. Typically, this can involve damage to the surrounding tissues, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. | '''Open fracture''' is a type of [[bone fracture]] in which there is an open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone. Typically, this can involve damage to the surrounding tissues, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Open fractures are usually caused by high-energy trauma such as [[car accidents]], falls from height, and sports injuries. They can also occur from low-energy trauma in people with poor bone quality, such as those with [[osteoporosis]]. | Open fractures are usually caused by high-energy trauma such as [[car accidents]], falls from height, and sports injuries. They can also occur from low-energy trauma in people with poor bone quality, such as those with [[osteoporosis]]. | ||
== Classification == | == Classification == | ||
Open fractures are classified according to the Gustilo open fracture classification, which is based on the mechanism of injury, the extent of soft tissue damage, and the degree of contamination. | Open fractures are classified according to the Gustilo open fracture classification, which is based on the mechanism of injury, the extent of soft tissue damage, and the degree of contamination. | ||
* '''Type I''': The wound is less than 1 cm and clean. | * '''Type I''': The wound is less than 1 cm and clean. | ||
* '''Type II''': The wound is larger than 1 cm but without extensive soft tissue damage or avulsions. | * '''Type II''': The wound is larger than 1 cm but without extensive soft tissue damage or avulsions. | ||
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** '''Type IIIB''': Extensive soft tissue loss with periosteal stripping and bone exposure. This is usually associated with massive contamination. | ** '''Type IIIB''': Extensive soft tissue loss with periosteal stripping and bone exposure. This is usually associated with massive contamination. | ||
** '''Type IIIC''': Associated with an arterial injury requiring repair, irrespective of degree of soft tissue injury. | ** '''Type IIIC''': Associated with an arterial injury requiring repair, irrespective of degree of soft tissue injury. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
The treatment of open fractures aims to prevent infection, promote bone healing, and restore function. This typically involves a combination of [[antibiotics]], surgery to clean the wound and fix the fracture, and sometimes further surgeries to cover the wound. | The treatment of open fractures aims to prevent infection, promote bone healing, and restore function. This typically involves a combination of [[antibiotics]], surgery to clean the wound and fix the fracture, and sometimes further surgeries to cover the wound. | ||
== Complications == | == Complications == | ||
Complications of open fractures can include infection, non-union of the fracture, and [[compartment syndrome]]. | Complications of open fractures can include infection, non-union of the fracture, and [[compartment syndrome]]. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Bone fracture]] | * [[Bone fracture]] | ||
* [[Compartment syndrome]] | * [[Compartment syndrome]] | ||
* [[Osteoporosis]] | * [[Osteoporosis]] | ||
[[Category:Orthopedic surgical procedures]] | [[Category:Orthopedic surgical procedures]] | ||
[[Category:Injuries]] | [[Category:Injuries]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medical procedures]] | [[Category:Emergency medical procedures]] | ||
[[Category:Medical terminology]] | [[Category:Medical terminology]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 04:49, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Open fracture | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Compound fracture |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Bone fracture, open wound |
| Complications | Infection, nonunion, compartment syndrome |
| Onset | Sudden, due to trauma |
| Duration | Varies, depending on severity and treatment |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Trauma, such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries |
| Risks | High-energy trauma, osteoporosis, elderly |
| Diagnosis | Physical examination, X-ray, CT scan |
| Differential diagnosis | Closed fracture, dislocation, sprain |
| Prevention | Safety equipment, fall prevention, osteoporosis treatment |
| Treatment | Surgical debridement, antibiotics, fracture fixation |
| Medication | Pain management, antibiotics |
| Prognosis | Varies, risk of complications |
| Frequency | Common in trauma cases |
| Deaths | N/A |
Open fracture is a type of bone fracture in which there is an open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone. Typically, this can involve damage to the surrounding tissues, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels.
Causes[edit]
Open fractures are usually caused by high-energy trauma such as car accidents, falls from height, and sports injuries. They can also occur from low-energy trauma in people with poor bone quality, such as those with osteoporosis.
Classification[edit]
Open fractures are classified according to the Gustilo open fracture classification, which is based on the mechanism of injury, the extent of soft tissue damage, and the degree of contamination.
- Type I: The wound is less than 1 cm and clean.
- Type II: The wound is larger than 1 cm but without extensive soft tissue damage or avulsions.
- Type III: This is further subdivided into:
- Type IIIA: Adequate soft tissue coverage of the fractured bone despite extensive soft tissue laceration or flaps, or high-energy trauma regardless of the size of the wound.
- Type IIIB: Extensive soft tissue loss with periosteal stripping and bone exposure. This is usually associated with massive contamination.
- Type IIIC: Associated with an arterial injury requiring repair, irrespective of degree of soft tissue injury.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of open fractures aims to prevent infection, promote bone healing, and restore function. This typically involves a combination of antibiotics, surgery to clean the wound and fix the fracture, and sometimes further surgeries to cover the wound.
Complications[edit]
Complications of open fractures can include infection, non-union of the fracture, and compartment syndrome.
