Hydronephrosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Hydronephrosis | |||
| image = [[File:Hydro.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Ultrasound image showing hydronephrosis | |||
| field = [[Nephrology]] | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| symptoms = [[Flank pain]], [[abdominal mass]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[urinary tract infection]] | |||
| complications = [[Kidney failure]], [[urinary tract infection]], [[sepsis]] | |||
| onset = | |||
| duration = | |||
| types = [[Unilateral hydronephrosis]], [[bilateral hydronephrosis]] | |||
| causes = [[Kidney stones]], [[congenital blockage]], [[blood clot]], [[tumor]] | |||
| risks = | |||
| diagnosis = [[Ultrasound]], [[CT scan]], [[MRI]] | |||
| differential = [[Pyelonephritis]], [[renal cyst]], [[polycystic kidney disease]] | |||
| prevention = | |||
| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[ureteral stent]], [[nephrostomy]] | |||
| medication = [[Pain management]], [[antibiotics]] | |||
| prognosis = | |||
| frequency = | |||
| deaths = | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Phydronephrosisfromstone.png|thumb|Hydronephrosis from kidney stone]] | |||
[[File:BilateralHydroMark.png|thumb|Bilateral hydronephrosis]] | |||
[[File:Hydronephrosis.png|thumb|Hydronephrosis]] | |||
[[File:CT_of_peripelvic_cysts_with_non-contrast_and_urography.jpg|thumb|CT of peripelvic cysts with non-contrast and urography]] | |||
[[File:Society_for_Fetal_Urology_(SFU)_grading_of_hydronephrosis.jpg|left|thumb|Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) grading of hydronephrosis]] | |||
[[File:LeftHydroPyloStentAcMark.png|thumb|Left hydronephrosis with pyelostent]] | |||
[[File:LeftHydroPyloStentMark.png|thumb|Left hydronephrosis with pyelostent]] | |||
'''Hydronephrosis''' is a condition characterized by the swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine. It happens when urine cannot drain out from the kidney to the bladder from a blockage or obstruction. Hydronephrosis can occur in one or both kidneys. | '''Hydronephrosis''' is a condition characterized by the swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine. It happens when urine cannot drain out from the kidney to the bladder from a blockage or obstruction. Hydronephrosis can occur in one or both kidneys. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
The primary cause of [[hydronephrosis]] is obstruction in the urinary system which prevents urine from draining properly. Obstructions can occur at any point in the urinary system, from the kidneys to the urethra. Some common causes include: | The primary cause of [[hydronephrosis]] is obstruction in the urinary system which prevents urine from draining properly. Obstructions can occur at any point in the urinary system, from the kidneys to the urethra. Some common causes include: | ||
| Line 7: | Line 36: | ||
* [[Blood clot]] | * [[Blood clot]] | ||
* [[Tumor]] or [[cancer]] in the urinary system | * [[Tumor]] or [[cancer]] in the urinary system | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of hydronephrosis depend on whether the condition is acute or chronic, the degree of obstruction, and whether it is on one side or both. In some cases, there may be no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include: | The symptoms of hydronephrosis depend on whether the condition is acute or chronic, the degree of obstruction, and whether it is on one side or both. In some cases, there may be no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include: | ||
| Line 14: | Line 42: | ||
* [[Frequent urination]] | * [[Frequent urination]] | ||
* [[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]] | * [[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]] | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
[[Hydronephrosis]] is usually diagnosed using imaging tests. These may include: | [[Hydronephrosis]] is usually diagnosed using imaging tests. These may include: | ||
| Line 21: | Line 48: | ||
* [[MRI scan]] | * [[MRI scan]] | ||
* [[Intravenous pyelogram]] | * [[Intravenous pyelogram]] | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for hydronephrosis focuses on removing the obstruction and allowing urine to flow through the urinary system. This may involve: | Treatment for hydronephrosis focuses on removing the obstruction and allowing urine to flow through the urinary system. This may involve: | ||
| Line 27: | Line 53: | ||
* [[Surgery]] to remove the obstruction | * [[Surgery]] to remove the obstruction | ||
* [[Catheter]] to drain urine from the kidney | * [[Catheter]] to drain urine from the kidney | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Kidney disease]] | * [[Kidney disease]] | ||
| Line 33: | Line 58: | ||
* [[Kidney stones]] | * [[Kidney stones]] | ||
* [[Urinary tract infection]] | * [[Urinary tract infection]] | ||
[[Category:Kidney diseases]] | [[Category:Kidney diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Urinary system diseases]] | [[Category:Urinary system diseases]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 04:29, 14 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Hydronephrosis | |
|---|---|
| File:Hydro.jpg | |
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Flank pain, abdominal mass, nausea, vomiting, urinary tract infection |
| Complications | Kidney failure, urinary tract infection, sepsis |
| Onset | |
| Duration | |
| Types | Unilateral hydronephrosis, bilateral hydronephrosis |
| Causes | Kidney stones, congenital blockage, blood clot, tumor |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI |
| Differential diagnosis | Pyelonephritis, renal cyst, polycystic kidney disease |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Surgery, ureteral stent, nephrostomy |
| Medication | Pain management, antibiotics |
| Prognosis | |
| Frequency | |
| Deaths | |
_grading_of_hydronephrosis.jpg)
Hydronephrosis is a condition characterized by the swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine. It happens when urine cannot drain out from the kidney to the bladder from a blockage or obstruction. Hydronephrosis can occur in one or both kidneys.
Causes[edit]
The primary cause of hydronephrosis is obstruction in the urinary system which prevents urine from draining properly. Obstructions can occur at any point in the urinary system, from the kidneys to the urethra. Some common causes include:
- Kidney stones
- Congenital blockage (a defect that is present at birth)
- Blood clot
- Tumor or cancer in the urinary system
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of hydronephrosis depend on whether the condition is acute or chronic, the degree of obstruction, and whether it is on one side or both. In some cases, there may be no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include:
- Pain in the side and back, below the ribs
- Urinary tract infection
- Frequent urination
- Nausea and vomiting
Diagnosis[edit]
Hydronephrosis is usually diagnosed using imaging tests. These may include:
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for hydronephrosis focuses on removing the obstruction and allowing urine to flow through the urinary system. This may involve:
- Medication to relieve pain and fight infection
- Surgery to remove the obstruction
- Catheter to drain urine from the kidney
