Neodymium: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 21:15, 23 February 2025

Neodymium

Neodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft, silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium is a member of the lanthanide series and is considered one of the rare earth elements.

Properties[edit]

Neodymium is a ductile and malleable metal. It is relatively reactive and quickly oxidizes in air, forming a pink or purple oxide layer. Neodymium has a high magnetic strength and is used in the production of powerful permanent magnets.

Applications[edit]

Magnets[edit]

Neodymium magnets, also known as NdFeB magnets, are the strongest type of permanent magnets available. They are widely used in various applications, including:

Glass and Ceramics[edit]

Neodymium is used to color glass and ceramics. It produces a range of colors from pink to purple, depending on the lighting conditions. Neodymium-doped glass is used in lasers and other optical applications.

Other Uses[edit]

Neodymium is also used in:

Catalysts for petroleum refining
Lighting applications
Wind turbines

Health Effects[edit]

Neodymium is not known to be essential for any biological processes in humans. However, exposure to neodymium dust or fumes can pose health risks. Inhalation of neodymium compounds can cause lung damage and other respiratory issues.

Safety Precautions[edit]

When handling neodymium, it is important to use appropriate safety measures to prevent exposure. This includes using protective equipment and ensuring proper ventilation in work areas.

Environmental Impact[edit]

The mining and processing of neodymium can have significant environmental impacts. These include habitat destruction, water pollution, and the generation of hazardous waste. Efforts are being made to develop more sustainable methods of neodymium extraction and processing.

Neodymium[edit]

Neodymium(III) sulfate
Neodymium(III) acetate
Neodymium(III) hydroxide
Neodymium
Neodymium fluorescent
Neodymium daylight
Auer von Welsbach
Bastnaesite - Kischtimsk, Ural
Elemental abundances
Monazite acid cracking process
Neodymag
Neodymium glass light bulb under fluorescent and incandescent light

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-'''Neodymium''' is a chemical element with the symbol '''Nd''' and atomic number 60. It is a soft silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium was discovered in 1885 by the Austrian chemist Carl Auer von Welsbach. It is present in significant quantities in the ore minerals monazite and bastnäsite. Neodymium is not found naturally in metallic form or unmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use. Although neodymium is classed as a rare-earth element, it is a fairly common element, no rarer than cobalt, nickel, or copper, and is widely distributed in the Earth's crust. Most of the world's commercial neodymium is mined in China.
+Neodymium
-Neodymium compounds were first commercially used as glass dyes in 1927, and they remain a popular additive in glasses. The color of neodymium compounds—due to the Nd3+ ion—is often a reddish-purple but it changes with the type of lighting, due to the interaction of the sharp light absorption bands of neodymium with ambient light enriched with the sharp visible emission bands of mercury, trivalent europium or terbium. Some neodymium-doped glasses are also used in lasers that emit infrared with wavelengths between 1047 and 1062 nanometers. These have been used in extremely high power applications, such as experiments in inertial confinement fusion.
+Neodymium is a chemical element with the symbol Nd and atomic number 60. It is a soft, silvery metal that tarnishes in air. Neodymium is a member of the lanthanide series and is considered one of the rare earth elements.
-Neodymium is also used with various other substrate crystals, such as yttrium aluminum garnet in the Nd:YAG laser. This laser usually emits infrared at a wavelength of about 1064 nanometers. The Nd:YAG laser is one of the most commonly used solid-state lasers.
+==Properties==
-Another important use of neodymium is as a component in the alloys used to make high-strength neodymium magnets—powerful permanent magnets. These magnets are widely used in such products as microphones, professional loudspeakers, in-ear headphones, guitar and bass guitar pick-ups, and computer hard disks where low mass, small volume, or strong magnetic fields are required. Neodymium magnet alloys' strength is due to single-ion anisotropy and crystal lattice distortion.
+Neodymium is a ductile and malleable metal. It is relatively reactive and quickly oxidizes in air, forming a pink or purple oxide layer. Neodymium has a high magnetic strength and is used in the production of powerful permanent magnets.
+==Applications==
+===Magnets===
+Neodymium magnets, also known as NdFeB magnets, are the strongest type of permanent magnets available. They are widely used in various applications, including:
+* [[Electric motors]]
+* [[Hard disk drives]]
+* [[Magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI)
+* [[Loudspeakers]]
+===Glass and Ceramics===
+Neodymium is used to color glass and ceramics. It produces a range of colors from pink to purple, depending on the lighting conditions. Neodymium-doped glass is used in lasers and other optical applications.
+===Other Uses===
+Neodymium is also used in:
+* [[Catalysts]] for petroleum refining
+* [[Lighting]] applications
+* [[Wind turbines]]
+==Health Effects==
+Neodymium is not known to be essential for any biological processes in humans. However, exposure to neodymium dust or fumes can pose health risks. Inhalation of neodymium compounds can cause lung damage and other respiratory issues.
+==Safety Precautions==
+When handling neodymium, it is important to use appropriate safety measures to prevent exposure. This includes using protective equipment and ensuring proper ventilation in work areas.
+==Environmental Impact==
+The mining and processing of neodymium can have significant environmental impacts. These include habitat destruction, water pollution, and the generation of hazardous waste. Efforts are being made to develop more sustainable methods of neodymium extraction and processing.
+==See Also==
+* [[Lanthanides]]
+* [[Rare earth elements]]
+* [[Magnetism]]
+{{Elementbox
+| name = Neodymium
+| symbol = Nd
+| number = 60
+| category = [[Lanthanide]]
+| standard atomic weight = 144.242
+| density = 7.01 g/cm³
+| melting point = 1024 K
+| boiling point = 3074 K
+}}
 [[Category:Chemical elements]]
 [[Category:Lanthanides]]
-[[Category:F-block]]
+[[Category:Rare earth elements]]
-[[Category:Neodymium]]
+== Neodymium ==
+<gallery>
-{{stub}}
+File:Neodym(III)sulfat.JPG|Neodymium(III) sulfate
+File:Neodymium(III)_acetate.jpg|Neodymium(III) acetate
+File:Neodymium(III)_hydroxide.jpg|Neodymium(III) hydroxide
+File:Neodymium_tl1.jpg|Neodymium
+File:Neodymium_fluorescent1.jpg|Neodymium fluorescent
+File:Neodymium_daylight1.jpg|Neodymium daylight
+File:Auer_von_Welsbach.jpg|Auer von Welsbach
+File:Bastnaesite_-_Kischtimsk,_Ural.jpg|Bastnaesite - Kischtimsk, Ural
+File:Elemental_abundances.svg|Elemental abundances
+File:Monazite_acid_cracking_process.svg|Monazite acid cracking process
+File:Neodymag.jpg|Neodymag
+File:Neodymium_glass_light_bulb_under_fluorescent_and_incandescent_light.jpg|Neodymium glass light bulb under fluorescent and incandescent light
+</gallery>