Panayiotopoulos syndrome: Difference between revisions
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{{SI}} | |||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Panayiotopoulos syndrome | |||
| image = [[File:Illustrative_samples_of_EEG_from_14_children_with_Panayiotopoulos_syndrome.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = EEG samples from children with Panayiotopoulos syndrome | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Seizures]], [[vomiting]], [[pallor]], [[eye deviation]], [[headache]] | |||
| onset = Typically between 3 and 6 years of age | |||
| duration = Seizures last from a few minutes to over an hour | |||
| types = [[Autonomic seizures]] | |||
| causes = Unknown, possibly [[genetic]] | |||
| risks = Family history of [[epilepsy]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Electroencephalogram|EEG]], clinical evaluation | |||
| differential = [[Benign Rolandic Epilepsy]], [[Absence seizure]] | |||
| treatment = Often not required, but may include [[antiepileptic drugs]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good, with most children outgrowing the condition | |||
| frequency = Affects 6% of children with [[epilepsy]] | |||
}} | |||
'''Panayiotopoulos syndrome''' (also known as '''PS''') is a relatively common [[epilepsy]] syndrome that affects children aged between 3 and 6 years old. It is characterized by seizures, often occurring during sleep, and is typically outgrown by adolescence. | '''Panayiotopoulos syndrome''' (also known as '''PS''') is a relatively common [[epilepsy]] syndrome that affects children aged between 3 and 6 years old. It is characterized by seizures, often occurring during sleep, and is typically outgrown by adolescence. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The primary symptom of Panayiotopoulos syndrome is [[seizure]]s. These seizures often occur during sleep and can last for several minutes to a few hours. The seizures are often accompanied by [[autonomic symptoms]] such as changes in skin color, heart rate, and pupil size. Other symptoms may include [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], and [[eye deviation]]. | The primary symptom of Panayiotopoulos syndrome is [[seizure]]s. These seizures often occur during sleep and can last for several minutes to a few hours. The seizures are often accompanied by [[autonomic symptoms]] such as changes in skin color, heart rate, and pupil size. Other symptoms may include [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], and [[eye deviation]]. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
The exact cause of Panayiotopoulos syndrome is unknown. However, it is believed to be genetic in nature, as it often runs in families. Some researchers believe that it may be related to a mutation in the [[CHRNA4]] gene. | The exact cause of Panayiotopoulos syndrome is unknown. However, it is believed to be genetic in nature, as it often runs in families. Some researchers believe that it may be related to a mutation in the [[CHRNA4]] gene. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of Panayiotopoulos syndrome is based on the child's symptoms and medical history. A [[neurological examination]] may be performed to rule out other conditions. [[Electroencephalogram]] (EEG) testing is often used to confirm the diagnosis. | Diagnosis of Panayiotopoulos syndrome is based on the child's symptoms and medical history. A [[neurological examination]] may be performed to rule out other conditions. [[Electroencephalogram]] (EEG) testing is often used to confirm the diagnosis. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for Panayiotopoulos syndrome typically involves [[antiepileptic drugs]] (AEDs). These medications can help to control seizures and reduce their frequency. In some cases, a [[ketogenic diet]] may be recommended. | Treatment for Panayiotopoulos syndrome typically involves [[antiepileptic drugs]] (AEDs). These medications can help to control seizures and reduce their frequency. In some cases, a [[ketogenic diet]] may be recommended. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The prognosis for children with Panayiotopoulos syndrome is generally good. Most children outgrow the condition by adolescence and do not experience long-term neurological effects. | The prognosis for children with Panayiotopoulos syndrome is generally good. Most children outgrow the condition by adolescence and do not experience long-term neurological effects. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Epilepsy]] | * [[Epilepsy]] | ||
* [[Seizure]] | * [[Seizure]] | ||
| Line 31: | Line 37: | ||
* [[Antiepileptic drugs]] | * [[Antiepileptic drugs]] | ||
* [[Ketogenic diet]] | * [[Ketogenic diet]] | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Epilepsy]] | [[Category:Epilepsy]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatric disorders]] | [[Category:Pediatric disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Genetic disorders]] | [[Category:Genetic disorders]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 06:40, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Panayiotopoulos syndrome | |
|---|---|
| File:Illustrative samples of EEG from 14 children with Panayiotopoulos syndrome.jpg | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Seizures, vomiting, pallor, eye deviation, headache |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Typically between 3 and 6 years of age |
| Duration | Seizures last from a few minutes to over an hour |
| Types | Autonomic seizures |
| Causes | Unknown, possibly genetic |
| Risks | Family history of epilepsy |
| Diagnosis | EEG, clinical evaluation |
| Differential diagnosis | Benign Rolandic Epilepsy, Absence seizure |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Often not required, but may include antiepileptic drugs |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally good, with most children outgrowing the condition |
| Frequency | Affects 6% of children with epilepsy |
| Deaths | N/A |
Panayiotopoulos syndrome (also known as PS) is a relatively common epilepsy syndrome that affects children aged between 3 and 6 years old. It is characterized by seizures, often occurring during sleep, and is typically outgrown by adolescence.
Symptoms[edit]
The primary symptom of Panayiotopoulos syndrome is seizures. These seizures often occur during sleep and can last for several minutes to a few hours. The seizures are often accompanied by autonomic symptoms such as changes in skin color, heart rate, and pupil size. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, and eye deviation.
Causes[edit]
The exact cause of Panayiotopoulos syndrome is unknown. However, it is believed to be genetic in nature, as it often runs in families. Some researchers believe that it may be related to a mutation in the CHRNA4 gene.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of Panayiotopoulos syndrome is based on the child's symptoms and medical history. A neurological examination may be performed to rule out other conditions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) testing is often used to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for Panayiotopoulos syndrome typically involves antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). These medications can help to control seizures and reduce their frequency. In some cases, a ketogenic diet may be recommended.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for children with Panayiotopoulos syndrome is generally good. Most children outgrow the condition by adolescence and do not experience long-term neurological effects.
