Iron poisoning

Iron poisoning is a medical condition that occurs due to the ingestion of excessive amounts of iron or iron-containing compounds. It is particularly common in children under six, who may ingest iron pills mistaken for candy.

Symptoms

The symptoms of iron poisoning can be divided into five stages:

1. Latent period: This is the period immediately after ingestion, where the individual may appear to have recovered from the initial symptoms. However, the iron is still causing damage to the body's cells.
2. Shock and metabolic acidosis: This stage occurs a few hours after ingestion and is characterized by a rapid pulse, low blood pressure, and fever. The individual may also experience nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
3. Liver damage: This stage occurs 2-3 days after ingestion and is characterized by jaundice, hypoglycemia, and coagulation disorders.
4. Hepatic failure and death: This stage occurs 3-5 days after ingestion and is characterized by severe liver damage, which can lead to death.
5. Scarring and obstruction: This stage occurs 2-8 weeks after ingestion and is characterized by scarring of the stomach and intestines, which can lead to obstruction.

Treatment

Treatment for iron poisoning includes:

1. Decontamination: This involves removing any remaining iron from the stomach through induced vomiting or gastric lavage.
2. Chelation therapy: This involves the administration of a chelating agent, which binds to the iron and allows it to be excreted in the urine.
3. Supportive care: This involves treating the symptoms of iron poisoning, such as providing fluids for dehydration and blood transfusions for severe anemia.

Prevention

Prevention of iron poisoning involves keeping iron supplements and other iron-containing products out of the reach of children. It is also important to educate parents and caregivers about the dangers of iron poisoning.

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