Entomophthoramycosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Entomophthoramycosis | |||
| synonyms = Subcutaneous zygomycosis | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Subcutaneous]] masses, [[nasal]] obstruction, [[facial swelling]] | |||
| complications = [[Chronic infection]], [[tissue destruction]] | |||
| onset = Gradual | |||
| duration = Long-term | |||
| causes = [[Fungal infection]] by ''[[Conidiobolus]]'' or ''[[Basidiobolus]]'' species | |||
| risks = [[Immunocompromised]] individuals, [[tropical climates]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Biopsy]], [[microscopy]], [[culture]] | |||
| differential = [[Mucormycosis]], [[bacterial infection]], [[neoplasm]] | |||
| prevention = Avoidance of [[fungal spores]] in endemic areas | |||
| treatment = [[Antifungal medication]] such as [[itraconazole]], [[surgical debridement]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on extent and treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Entomophthoramycosis''' is a rare fungal infection caused by fungi in the order [[Entomophthorales]]. It primarily affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues, but can also affect the gastrointestinal tract and other organs. The disease is most commonly seen in tropical and subtropical regions. | '''Entomophthoramycosis''' is a rare fungal infection caused by fungi in the order [[Entomophthorales]]. It primarily affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues, but can also affect the gastrointestinal tract and other organs. The disease is most commonly seen in tropical and subtropical regions. | ||
==Etiology== | ==Etiology== | ||
Entomophthoramycosis is caused by several species of fungi in the order [[Entomophthorales]]. The most common species causing human infection are ''[[Basidiobolus ranarum]]'' and ''[[Conidiobolus coronatus]]''. These fungi are found in soil, decaying vegetation, and the gastrointestinal tract of insects and amphibians. | Entomophthoramycosis is caused by several species of fungi in the order [[Entomophthorales]]. The most common species causing human infection are ''[[Basidiobolus ranarum]]'' and ''[[Conidiobolus coronatus]]''. These fungi are found in soil, decaying vegetation, and the gastrointestinal tract of insects and amphibians. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
The disease typically presents as a slowly progressive, painless subcutaneous nodule that can ulcerate and form sinus tracts. It can also present as a gastrointestinal infection with symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. In rare cases, it can cause systemic infection affecting multiple organs. | The disease typically presents as a slowly progressive, painless subcutaneous nodule that can ulcerate and form sinus tracts. It can also present as a gastrointestinal infection with symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. In rare cases, it can cause systemic infection affecting multiple organs. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis is made by histopathological examination of tissue samples, which show broad, non-septate hyphae with right-angle branching. Culture of the fungus can also be performed, but is often not necessary for diagnosis. | Diagnosis is made by histopathological examination of tissue samples, which show broad, non-septate hyphae with right-angle branching. Culture of the fungus can also be performed, but is often not necessary for diagnosis. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment involves surgical excision of the infected tissue and antifungal therapy with agents such as [[itraconazole]] or [[potassium iodide]]. In cases of gastrointestinal infection, oral itraconazole is the treatment of choice. | Treatment involves surgical excision of the infected tissue and antifungal therapy with agents such as [[itraconazole]] or [[potassium iodide]]. In cases of gastrointestinal infection, oral itraconazole is the treatment of choice. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
Entomophthoramycosis is most commonly seen in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Africa and Southeast Asia. It is rare in temperate climates. The disease affects both children and adults, with a slight male predominance. | Entomophthoramycosis is most commonly seen in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Africa and Southeast Asia. It is rare in temperate climates. The disease affects both children and adults, with a slight male predominance. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Prevention involves avoiding contact with soil and decaying vegetation in endemic areas. No vaccine is currently available for this disease. | Prevention involves avoiding contact with soil and decaying vegetation in endemic areas. No vaccine is currently available for this disease. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Mycosis]] | * [[Mycosis]] | ||
* [[Subcutaneous Mycoses]] | * [[Subcutaneous Mycoses]] | ||
* [[Tropical Medicine]] | * [[Tropical Medicine]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious Diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious Diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | [[Category:Dermatology]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Mycology]] | [[Category:Mycology]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
{{No image}} | |||
Latest revision as of 04:24, 4 April 2025
| Entomophthoramycosis | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Subcutaneous zygomycosis |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Subcutaneous masses, nasal obstruction, facial swelling |
| Complications | Chronic infection, tissue destruction |
| Onset | Gradual |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Fungal infection by Conidiobolus or Basidiobolus species |
| Risks | Immunocompromised individuals, tropical climates |
| Diagnosis | Biopsy, microscopy, culture |
| Differential diagnosis | Mucormycosis, bacterial infection, neoplasm |
| Prevention | Avoidance of fungal spores in endemic areas |
| Treatment | Antifungal medication such as itraconazole, surgical debridement |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on extent and treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Entomophthoramycosis is a rare fungal infection caused by fungi in the order Entomophthorales. It primarily affects the skin and subcutaneous tissues, but can also affect the gastrointestinal tract and other organs. The disease is most commonly seen in tropical and subtropical regions.
Etiology[edit]
Entomophthoramycosis is caused by several species of fungi in the order Entomophthorales. The most common species causing human infection are Basidiobolus ranarum and Conidiobolus coronatus. These fungi are found in soil, decaying vegetation, and the gastrointestinal tract of insects and amphibians.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
The disease typically presents as a slowly progressive, painless subcutaneous nodule that can ulcerate and form sinus tracts. It can also present as a gastrointestinal infection with symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. In rare cases, it can cause systemic infection affecting multiple organs.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis is made by histopathological examination of tissue samples, which show broad, non-septate hyphae with right-angle branching. Culture of the fungus can also be performed, but is often not necessary for diagnosis.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment involves surgical excision of the infected tissue and antifungal therapy with agents such as itraconazole or potassium iodide. In cases of gastrointestinal infection, oral itraconazole is the treatment of choice.
Epidemiology[edit]
Entomophthoramycosis is most commonly seen in tropical and subtropical regions, particularly in Africa and Southeast Asia. It is rare in temperate climates. The disease affects both children and adults, with a slight male predominance.
Prevention[edit]
Prevention involves avoiding contact with soil and decaying vegetation in endemic areas. No vaccine is currently available for this disease.
