Gastrostomy: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:06, 15 February 2025

Gastrostomy[edit]

A gastrostomy is a surgical procedure for inserting a tube through the abdomen into the stomach. It is used for feeding patients who cannot swallow food. This procedure is often performed when a patient has difficulty with oral intake due to conditions such as neurological disorders, cancer, or gastrointestinal diseases.

Indications[edit]

Gastrostomy is indicated in patients who require long-term enteral nutrition. Common indications include:

Neurological disorders such as stroke, cerebral palsy, or motor neuron disease.
Head and neck cancer that obstructs the normal swallowing mechanism.
Severe anorexia or malnutrition where oral intake is insufficient.
Gastrointestinal disorders that impair normal digestion and absorption.

Procedure[edit]

The procedure can be performed using different techniques, including:

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG): This is the most common method, where an endoscope is used to guide the placement of the tube.
Surgical Gastrostomy: This involves a direct surgical approach to place the tube, often used when endoscopic methods are not feasible.
Radiologically Inserted Gastrostomy (RIG): This method uses imaging guidance to place the tube.

Complications[edit]

While generally safe, gastrostomy can have complications such as:

Infection at the insertion site.
Bleeding or perforation of the stomach or abdominal wall.
Tube dislodgement or blockage.
Aspiration pneumonia if gastric contents are regurgitated.

Care and Maintenance[edit]

Proper care and maintenance of the gastrostomy tube are essential to prevent complications. This includes:

Regular cleaning of the tube and surrounding skin.
Flushing the tube with water to prevent blockages.
Monitoring for signs of infection or irritation.

Related pages[edit]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{more footnotes|date=August 2013}}
+== Gastrostomy ==
-{{Infobox interventions |
-  Name        = Gastrostomy |
-  Image       = PIC 0007 gastrostomie.jpg|
-  ICD10       = |
-  ICD9        = {{ICD9proc|43.1}} |
-  MeshID      = D005774 |
-  OtherCodes  = |
-}}
-'''Gastrostomy''' is the creation of an artificial external opening into the stomach for nutritional support or gastric decompression.
-Typically this would include an incision in the patient's [[epigastrium]] as part of a formal operation. It can be performed through surgical approach, [[percutaneous]] approach by [[interventional radiology]], or [[percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy]] (PEG).
-The opening may be used for feeding, such as with a [[feeding tube|gastrostomy tube]].
+[[File:PIC_0007_gastrostomie.jpg|thumb|right|A gastrostomy tube in place.]]
-==Techniques==
+A '''gastrostomy''' is a surgical procedure for inserting a tube through the [[abdomen]] into the [[stomach]]. It is used for feeding patients who cannot swallow food. This procedure is often performed when a patient has difficulty with oral intake due to conditions such as [[neurological disorders]], [[cancer]], or [[gastrointestinal diseases]].
-The '''Stamm gastrostomy''' is an open technique,<ref>{{cite journal |author1=P C Shellito |author2=R A Malt |year=1985 |title=Tube gastrostomy. Techniques and complications |journal=Annals of Surgery |publisher= |volume=201 |issue=2 |pages=180–185 |doi= 10.1097/00000658-198502000-00008|pmc=1250638 |pmid= 3918515}}</ref> requiring an upper midline [[laparotomy]] and gastrotomy, with the catheter brought out in the left [[hypochondrium]]. It was first devised in 1894 by the American Gastric Surgeon, Martin Stamm (1847&ndash;1918), who was educated greatly in surgery when he visited Germany.<ref>[[:de:Martin Stamm]]</ref>{{Circular reference|date=May 2017}}
+== Indications ==
-== See also ==
+Gastrostomy is indicated in patients who require long-term enteral nutrition. Common indications include:
-*[[Enteral feeding]]
-*[[List of surgeries by type]]
-*[[Stoma (medicine)]]
-==References==
+* [[Neurological disorders]] such as [[stroke]], [[cerebral palsy]], or [[motor neuron disease]].
-{{reflist}}
+* [[Head and neck cancer]] that obstructs the normal swallowing mechanism.
+* Severe [[anorexia]] or [[malnutrition]] where oral intake is insufficient.
+* [[Gastrointestinal disorders]] that impair normal digestion and absorption.
+== Procedure ==
-{{Digestive system surgical procedures}}
+The procedure can be performed using different techniques, including:
-[[Category:Enteral feeding]]
+* '''Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG):''' This is the most common method, where an endoscope is used to guide the placement of the tube.
-[[Category:Digestive system procedures]]
+* '''Surgical Gastrostomy:''' This involves a direct surgical approach to place the tube, often used when endoscopic methods are not feasible.
+* '''Radiologically Inserted Gastrostomy (RIG):''' This method uses imaging guidance to place the tube.
+== Complications ==
-{{treatment-stub}}
+While generally safe, gastrostomy can have complications such as:
+* [[Infection]] at the insertion site.
+* [[Bleeding]] or [[perforation]] of the stomach or abdominal wall.
+* [[Tube dislodgement]] or blockage.
+* [[Aspiration pneumonia]] if gastric contents are regurgitated.
+== Care and Maintenance ==
+Proper care and maintenance of the gastrostomy tube are essential to prevent complications. This includes:
+* Regular cleaning of the tube and surrounding skin.
+* Flushing the tube with water to prevent blockages.
+* Monitoring for signs of infection or irritation.
+== Related pages ==
+* [[Enteral nutrition]]
+* [[Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy]]
+* [[Feeding tube]]
+* [[Parenteral nutrition]]
+[[Category:Medical procedures]]
+[[Category:Gastroenterology]]