Polymicrogyria: Difference between revisions
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{{SI}} | |||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Polymicrogyria | |||
| image = [[File:Polymicrogyria_arrows.JPG|left|thumb|Polymicrogyria as seen on MRI]] | |||
| caption = MRI showing polymicrogyria | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Seizures]], [[developmental delay]], [[speech difficulties]], [[motor dysfunction]] | |||
| complications = [[Cognitive impairment]], [[epilepsy]] | |||
| onset = [[Congenital]] | |||
| duration = [[Lifelong]] | |||
| causes = [[Genetic mutations]], [[intrauterine infection]], [[hypoxic-ischemic injury]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[prenatal infections]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[MRI]], [[genetic testing]] | |||
| differential = [[Lissencephaly]], [[schizencephaly]], [[cortical dysplasia]] | |||
| treatment = [[Anticonvulsants]], [[physical therapy]], [[speech therapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Varies depending on severity | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Polymicrogyria.jpg|Polymicrogyria|left|thumb]] | |||
[[File:GPR56.png|GPR56 gene related to Polymicrogyria|left|thumb]] | |||
'''Polymicrogyria''' is a condition characterized by abnormal development of the brain before birth. The surface of the brain normally has many ridges or folds, called gyri. In people with polymicrogyria, the brain develops too many folds, and the folds are unusually small. The name of this condition means many (poly-) small (micro-) folds (-gyria) in the brain. | '''Polymicrogyria''' is a condition characterized by abnormal development of the brain before birth. The surface of the brain normally has many ridges or folds, called gyri. In people with polymicrogyria, the brain develops too many folds, and the folds are unusually small. The name of this condition means many (poly-) small (micro-) folds (-gyria) in the brain. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Polymicrogyria is thought to result from multiple causes, some of which may be genetic. Other possible causes include intrauterine infections, ischemic events (such as strokes), and toxic exposures during pregnancy. | Polymicrogyria is thought to result from multiple causes, some of which may be genetic. Other possible causes include intrauterine infections, ischemic events (such as strokes), and toxic exposures during pregnancy. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
Symptoms of polymicrogyria can vary widely, depending on how much of the brain, and which areas of the brain, are affected. Some people with polymicrogyria have minimal neurological problems, while others may have significant intellectual disabilities. Seizures are common in people with polymicrogyria. They can be resistant to treatment and can be associated with a poor prognosis. | Symptoms of polymicrogyria can vary widely, depending on how much of the brain, and which areas of the brain, are affected. Some people with polymicrogyria have minimal neurological problems, while others may have significant intellectual disabilities. Seizures are common in people with polymicrogyria. They can be resistant to treatment and can be associated with a poor prognosis. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Polymicrogyria is typically diagnosed by [[Magnetic Resonance Imaging|MRI]], which can show the characteristic abnormalities in the brain's surface. However, the diagnosis can also be suggested by [[Ultrasound|ultrasound]] during pregnancy, or by clinical findings (such as developmental delay or seizures) after birth. | Polymicrogyria is typically diagnosed by [[Magnetic Resonance Imaging|MRI]], which can show the characteristic abnormalities in the brain's surface. However, the diagnosis can also be suggested by [[Ultrasound|ultrasound]] during pregnancy, or by clinical findings (such as developmental delay or seizures) after birth. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
There is no cure for polymicrogyria. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Seizures can be treated with medications, and physical and occupational therapy can help to improve motor skills and coordination. Speech therapy may be beneficial for some individuals. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to treat associated conditions, such as hydrocephalus. | There is no cure for polymicrogyria. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Seizures can be treated with medications, and physical and occupational therapy can help to improve motor skills and coordination. Speech therapy may be beneficial for some individuals. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to treat associated conditions, such as hydrocephalus. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Cerebral cortex]] | * [[Cerebral cortex]] | ||
* [[Developmental disorder]] | * [[Developmental disorder]] | ||
* [[Neurology]] | * [[Neurology]] | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Congenital disorders]] | [[Category:Congenital disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Rare diseases]] | [[Category:Rare diseases]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 22:14, 9 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Polymicrogyria | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Seizures, developmental delay, speech difficulties, motor dysfunction |
| Complications | Cognitive impairment, epilepsy |
| Onset | Congenital |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic mutations, intrauterine infection, hypoxic-ischemic injury |
| Risks | Family history, prenatal infections |
| Diagnosis | MRI, genetic testing |
| Differential diagnosis | Lissencephaly, schizencephaly, cortical dysplasia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Anticonvulsants, physical therapy, speech therapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Varies depending on severity |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Polymicrogyria is a condition characterized by abnormal development of the brain before birth. The surface of the brain normally has many ridges or folds, called gyri. In people with polymicrogyria, the brain develops too many folds, and the folds are unusually small. The name of this condition means many (poly-) small (micro-) folds (-gyria) in the brain.
Causes[edit]
Polymicrogyria is thought to result from multiple causes, some of which may be genetic. Other possible causes include intrauterine infections, ischemic events (such as strokes), and toxic exposures during pregnancy.
Symptoms[edit]
Symptoms of polymicrogyria can vary widely, depending on how much of the brain, and which areas of the brain, are affected. Some people with polymicrogyria have minimal neurological problems, while others may have significant intellectual disabilities. Seizures are common in people with polymicrogyria. They can be resistant to treatment and can be associated with a poor prognosis.
Diagnosis[edit]
Polymicrogyria is typically diagnosed by MRI, which can show the characteristic abnormalities in the brain's surface. However, the diagnosis can also be suggested by ultrasound during pregnancy, or by clinical findings (such as developmental delay or seizures) after birth.
Treatment[edit]
There is no cure for polymicrogyria. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Seizures can be treated with medications, and physical and occupational therapy can help to improve motor skills and coordination. Speech therapy may be beneficial for some individuals. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to treat associated conditions, such as hydrocephalus.
