Neuromuscular disease: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Neuromuscular disease | |||
| image = [[File:Congenital_nemaline_myopathy.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Muscle biopsy showing [[congenital nemaline myopathy]], a type of neuromuscular disease | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = Muscle weakness, muscle wasting, muscle cramps, muscle pain | |||
| complications = [[Respiratory failure]], [[cardiac arrhythmias]], [[dysphagia]] | |||
| onset = Varies by specific condition | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = Genetic mutations, autoimmune disorders, infections, toxins | |||
| risks = Family history, exposure to toxins, certain infections | |||
| diagnosis = [[Electromyography]], [[nerve conduction study]], [[muscle biopsy]], [[genetic testing]] | |||
| differential = [[Myopathy]], [[motor neuron disease]], [[peripheral neuropathy]] | |||
| treatment = Physical therapy, medications, surgery, supportive care | |||
| prognosis = Varies by specific condition | |||
| frequency = Varies by specific condition | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Polymyositis_HE.jpg|Polymyositis histology|left|thumb]] | |||
[[File:Nerve_conduction_velocity.jpg|Nerve conduction velocity test|left|thumb]] | |||
'''Neuromuscular disease''' is a broad term that encompasses a variety of conditions which impair the functioning of the [[Peripheral nervous system|peripheral nervous system]] (PNS), [[Neuromuscular junction|neuromuscular junctions]], or [[Skeletal muscle|skeletal muscles]]. These components collectively form the motor unit, and any damage to these structures can result in muscle atrophy and weakness. In some cases, issues with sensation may also occur. | '''Neuromuscular disease''' is a broad term that encompasses a variety of conditions which impair the functioning of the [[Peripheral nervous system|peripheral nervous system]] (PNS), [[Neuromuscular junction|neuromuscular junctions]], or [[Skeletal muscle|skeletal muscles]]. These components collectively form the motor unit, and any damage to these structures can result in muscle atrophy and weakness. In some cases, issues with sensation may also occur. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Neuromuscular diseases can be either acquired or genetic. Genetic neuromuscular diseases are caused by mutations in more than 650 genes. Acquired neuromuscular diseases, on the other hand, can be caused by a variety of factors including nerve or muscle degeneration, autoimmunity, toxins, certain medications, malnutrition, metabolic derangements, hormone imbalances, infection, nerve compression/entrapment, compromised blood supply, and trauma. | Neuromuscular diseases can be either acquired or genetic. Genetic neuromuscular diseases are caused by mutations in more than 650 genes. Acquired neuromuscular diseases, on the other hand, can be caused by a variety of factors including nerve or muscle degeneration, autoimmunity, toxins, certain medications, malnutrition, metabolic derangements, hormone imbalances, infection, nerve compression/entrapment, compromised blood supply, and trauma. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of neuromuscular diseases can vary widely depending on the specific condition and its severity. However, common symptoms often include muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, and issues with sensation. | The symptoms of neuromuscular diseases can vary widely depending on the specific condition and its severity. However, common symptoms often include muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, and issues with sensation. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases typically involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, as well as various tests such as blood tests, nerve conduction studies, electromyography, and in some cases, genetic testing. | Diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases typically involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, as well as various tests such as blood tests, nerve conduction studies, electromyography, and in some cases, genetic testing. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for neuromuscular diseases is typically focused on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. This may involve physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, medication, and in some cases, surgery. | Treatment for neuromuscular diseases is typically focused on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. This may involve physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, medication, and in some cases, surgery. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Peripheral nervous system]] | * [[Peripheral nervous system]] | ||
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* [[Muscle atrophy]] | * [[Muscle atrophy]] | ||
* [[Muscle weakness]] | * [[Muscle weakness]] | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Muscular disorders]] | [[Category:Muscular disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Genetic disorders]] | [[Category:Genetic disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | [[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 22:06, 9 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Neuromuscular disease | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Muscle weakness, muscle wasting, muscle cramps, muscle pain |
| Complications | Respiratory failure, cardiac arrhythmias, dysphagia |
| Onset | Varies by specific condition |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic mutations, autoimmune disorders, infections, toxins |
| Risks | Family history, exposure to toxins, certain infections |
| Diagnosis | Electromyography, nerve conduction study, muscle biopsy, genetic testing |
| Differential diagnosis | Myopathy, motor neuron disease, peripheral neuropathy |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Physical therapy, medications, surgery, supportive care |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Varies by specific condition |
| Frequency | Varies by specific condition |
| Deaths | N/A |
Neuromuscular disease is a broad term that encompasses a variety of conditions which impair the functioning of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), neuromuscular junctions, or skeletal muscles. These components collectively form the motor unit, and any damage to these structures can result in muscle atrophy and weakness. In some cases, issues with sensation may also occur.
Causes[edit]
Neuromuscular diseases can be either acquired or genetic. Genetic neuromuscular diseases are caused by mutations in more than 650 genes. Acquired neuromuscular diseases, on the other hand, can be caused by a variety of factors including nerve or muscle degeneration, autoimmunity, toxins, certain medications, malnutrition, metabolic derangements, hormone imbalances, infection, nerve compression/entrapment, compromised blood supply, and trauma.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of neuromuscular diseases can vary widely depending on the specific condition and its severity. However, common symptoms often include muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, and issues with sensation.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases typically involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, as well as various tests such as blood tests, nerve conduction studies, electromyography, and in some cases, genetic testing.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for neuromuscular diseases is typically focused on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. This may involve physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, medication, and in some cases, surgery.
