Ethylene glycol poisoning: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Ethylene glycol poisoning | |||
| image = [[File:Ethylene_glycol.svg|left|thumb|Chemical structure of ethylene glycol]] | |||
| caption = Chemical structure of ethylene glycol | |||
| field = [[Toxicology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[abdominal pain]], [[central nervous system depression]], [[metabolic acidosis]], [[kidney failure]] | |||
| complications = [[Seizures]], [[coma]], [[death]] | |||
| onset = Symptoms may appear within 30 minutes to 12 hours after ingestion | |||
| duration = Variable, depending on the amount ingested and treatment | |||
| causes = Ingestion of [[ethylene glycol]] | |||
| risks = [[Accidental ingestion]], [[suicide attempt]], [[alcoholism]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]]s, [[urinalysis]], [[anion gap]] | |||
| differential = [[Methanol poisoning]], [[isopropanol poisoning]], [[diabetic ketoacidosis]] | |||
| prevention = Proper storage and labeling of [[antifreeze]] products | |||
| treatment = [[Fomepizole]], [[ethanol]], [[hemodialysis]], supportive care | |||
| prognosis = Good with early treatment, poor if untreated | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Ethylene glycol poisoning''' is a type of [[poisoning]] that occurs when a person ingests [[ethylene glycol]], a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting, and highly toxic liquid commonly found in antifreeze, hydraulic brake fluids, and some detergents. | '''Ethylene glycol poisoning''' is a type of [[poisoning]] that occurs when a person ingests [[ethylene glycol]], a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting, and highly toxic liquid commonly found in antifreeze, hydraulic brake fluids, and some detergents. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Ethylene glycol poisoning typically occurs through ingestion, often as a result of accidental or intentional consumption of products containing ethylene glycol. It can also occur through skin contact or inhalation, although these routes are less common. | Ethylene glycol poisoning typically occurs through ingestion, often as a result of accidental or intentional consumption of products containing ethylene glycol. It can also occur through skin contact or inhalation, although these routes are less common. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The symptoms of ethylene glycol poisoning can be divided into three stages. The first stage, which occurs within a few hours of ingestion, includes symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, slurred speech, and incoordination. The second stage, which occurs 12 to 24 hours after ingestion, is characterized by rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, and rapid breathing. The third stage, which occurs 24 to 72 hours after ingestion, is characterized by kidney failure, which can lead to death if not treated promptly. | The symptoms of ethylene glycol poisoning can be divided into three stages. The first stage, which occurs within a few hours of ingestion, includes symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, slurred speech, and incoordination. The second stage, which occurs 12 to 24 hours after ingestion, is characterized by rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, and rapid breathing. The third stage, which occurs 24 to 72 hours after ingestion, is characterized by kidney failure, which can lead to death if not treated promptly. | ||
[[File:Sample of Ethylene glycol 01.jpg|left|thumb|Sample of Ethylene glycol 01]] | |||
[[File:Sample of Ethylene glycol 01.jpg|thumb|Sample of Ethylene glycol 01]] | |||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning is often based on a person's history of exposure to ethylene glycol and the presence of characteristic symptoms. Laboratory tests, including blood and urine tests, can also be used to confirm the diagnosis. | Diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning is often based on a person's history of exposure to ethylene glycol and the presence of characteristic symptoms. Laboratory tests, including blood and urine tests, can also be used to confirm the diagnosis. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning typically involves the use of [[fomepizole]] or [[ethanol]], which inhibit the metabolism of ethylene glycol into toxic metabolites. In severe cases, [[hemodialysis]] may be required to remove ethylene glycol and its metabolites from the body. | Treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning typically involves the use of [[fomepizole]] or [[ethanol]], which inhibit the metabolism of ethylene glycol into toxic metabolites. In severe cases, [[hemodialysis]] may be required to remove ethylene glycol and its metabolites from the body. | ||
== Prevention == | == Prevention == | ||
Prevention of ethylene glycol poisoning involves proper storage and disposal of products containing ethylene glycol, as well as education about the dangers of ingesting these products. | Prevention of ethylene glycol poisoning involves proper storage and disposal of products containing ethylene glycol, as well as education about the dangers of ingesting these products. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Poisoning]] | * [[Poisoning]] | ||
* [[Antifreeze]] | * [[Antifreeze]] | ||
| Line 32: | Line 36: | ||
* [[Ethanol]] | * [[Ethanol]] | ||
* [[Hemodialysis]] | * [[Hemodialysis]] | ||
[[Category:Toxicology]] | [[Category:Toxicology]] | ||
[[Category:Medical emergencies]] | [[Category:Medical emergencies]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:39, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Ethylene glycol poisoning | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, central nervous system depression, metabolic acidosis, kidney failure |
| Complications | Seizures, coma, death |
| Onset | Symptoms may appear within 30 minutes to 12 hours after ingestion |
| Duration | Variable, depending on the amount ingested and treatment |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Ingestion of ethylene glycol |
| Risks | Accidental ingestion, suicide attempt, alcoholism |
| Diagnosis | Blood tests, urinalysis, anion gap |
| Differential diagnosis | Methanol poisoning, isopropanol poisoning, diabetic ketoacidosis |
| Prevention | Proper storage and labeling of antifreeze products |
| Treatment | Fomepizole, ethanol, hemodialysis, supportive care |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Good with early treatment, poor if untreated |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Ethylene glycol poisoning is a type of poisoning that occurs when a person ingests ethylene glycol, a colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting, and highly toxic liquid commonly found in antifreeze, hydraulic brake fluids, and some detergents.
Causes[edit]
Ethylene glycol poisoning typically occurs through ingestion, often as a result of accidental or intentional consumption of products containing ethylene glycol. It can also occur through skin contact or inhalation, although these routes are less common.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of ethylene glycol poisoning can be divided into three stages. The first stage, which occurs within a few hours of ingestion, includes symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, slurred speech, and incoordination. The second stage, which occurs 12 to 24 hours after ingestion, is characterized by rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, and rapid breathing. The third stage, which occurs 24 to 72 hours after ingestion, is characterized by kidney failure, which can lead to death if not treated promptly.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of ethylene glycol poisoning is often based on a person's history of exposure to ethylene glycol and the presence of characteristic symptoms. Laboratory tests, including blood and urine tests, can also be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning typically involves the use of fomepizole or ethanol, which inhibit the metabolism of ethylene glycol into toxic metabolites. In severe cases, hemodialysis may be required to remove ethylene glycol and its metabolites from the body.
Prevention[edit]
Prevention of ethylene glycol poisoning involves proper storage and disposal of products containing ethylene glycol, as well as education about the dangers of ingesting these products.
See also[edit]
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