Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder | |||
| synonyms = ARFID | |||
| field = [[Psychiatry]], [[Pediatrics]] | |||
| symptoms = Avoidance of certain foods, restricted food intake, nutritional deficiency, weight loss | |||
| complications = Malnutrition, growth delay, social difficulties | |||
| onset = Childhood | |||
| duration = Long-term | |||
| causes = [[Anxiety]], [[sensory processing disorder]], [[gastrointestinal disorders]] | |||
| risks = [[Autism spectrum disorder]], [[ADHD]], [[anxiety disorders]] | |||
| diagnosis = Clinical assessment, [[DSM-5]] criteria | |||
| differential = [[Anorexia nervosa]], [[bulimia nervosa]], [[food allergies]] | |||
| treatment = [[Cognitive behavioral therapy]], [[nutritional counseling]], [[family therapy]] | |||
| medication = None specific, but [[antidepressants]] or [[anxiolytics]] may be used | |||
| prognosis = Varies; can improve with treatment | |||
| frequency = Unknown, but more common in children | |||
}} | |||
'''Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder''' ('''ARFID'''), also known as '''Selective Eating Disorder''' ('''SED'''), is a type of [[eating disorder]] that prevents the consumption of certain foods. It is often associated with children, but can also affect adults. | '''Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder''' ('''ARFID'''), also known as '''Selective Eating Disorder''' ('''SED'''), is a type of [[eating disorder]] that prevents the consumption of certain foods. It is often associated with children, but can also affect adults. | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
ARFID is a condition characterized by the person avoiding certain foods or types of food, having restricted intake in terms of overall amount eaten, or both. This disorder is not due to the lack of availability of food, or to cultural practices. Unlike other eating disorders, ARFID does not involve distress about body shape or size, or fears of fatness. | ARFID is a condition characterized by the person avoiding certain foods or types of food, having restricted intake in terms of overall amount eaten, or both. This disorder is not due to the lack of availability of food, or to cultural practices. Unlike other eating disorders, ARFID does not involve distress about body shape or size, or fears of fatness. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of ARFID can vary from person to person, but they often include: | The symptoms of ARFID can vary from person to person, but they often include: | ||
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* Weight loss or poor development for age and height | * Weight loss or poor development for age and height | ||
* Nutrient deficiencies or dependence on supplements or tube feeding | * Nutrient deficiencies or dependence on supplements or tube feeding | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
The exact cause of ARFID is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Some people may be genetically predisposed to developing ARFID, while others may develop the disorder as a result of an experience such as choking or vomiting. | The exact cause of ARFID is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Some people may be genetically predisposed to developing ARFID, while others may develop the disorder as a result of an experience such as choking or vomiting. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for ARFID typically involves a multidisciplinary team that includes a [[psychiatrist]], a [[dietitian]], and a [[therapist]]. The goal of treatment is to expand the variety of foods eaten and improve the nutritional quality of the person's diet. This is often achieved through [[cognitive-behavioral therapy]] (CBT), which can help the person understand and change their thoughts and behaviors related to food. | Treatment for ARFID typically involves a multidisciplinary team that includes a [[psychiatrist]], a [[dietitian]], and a [[therapist]]. The goal of treatment is to expand the variety of foods eaten and improve the nutritional quality of the person's diet. This is often achieved through [[cognitive-behavioral therapy]] (CBT), which can help the person understand and change their thoughts and behaviors related to food. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Anorexia nervosa]] | * [[Anorexia nervosa]] | ||
* [[Bulimia nervosa]] | * [[Bulimia nervosa]] | ||
* [[Eating disorder not otherwise specified]] | * [[Eating disorder not otherwise specified]] | ||
[[Category:Eating disorders]] | [[Category:Eating disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Psychiatric diagnosis]] | [[Category:Psychiatric diagnosis]] | ||
{{medicine-stub}} | {{medicine-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 22:04, 3 April 2025
| Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | ARFID |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Avoidance of certain foods, restricted food intake, nutritional deficiency, weight loss |
| Complications | Malnutrition, growth delay, social difficulties |
| Onset | Childhood |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Anxiety, sensory processing disorder, gastrointestinal disorders |
| Risks | Autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, anxiety disorders |
| Diagnosis | Clinical assessment, DSM-5 criteria |
| Differential diagnosis | Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, food allergies |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Cognitive behavioral therapy, nutritional counseling, family therapy |
| Medication | None specific, but antidepressants or anxiolytics may be used |
| Prognosis | Varies; can improve with treatment |
| Frequency | Unknown, but more common in children |
| Deaths | N/A |
Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), also known as Selective Eating Disorder (SED), is a type of eating disorder that prevents the consumption of certain foods. It is often associated with children, but can also affect adults.
Overview[edit]
ARFID is a condition characterized by the person avoiding certain foods or types of food, having restricted intake in terms of overall amount eaten, or both. This disorder is not due to the lack of availability of food, or to cultural practices. Unlike other eating disorders, ARFID does not involve distress about body shape or size, or fears of fatness.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of ARFID can vary from person to person, but they often include:
- Avoidance or restriction of food intake that prevents the person from eating sufficient calories or nutrients
- Eating habits that interfere with normal social functions, such as eating with others
- Weight loss or poor development for age and height
- Nutrient deficiencies or dependence on supplements or tube feeding
Causes[edit]
The exact cause of ARFID is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Some people may be genetically predisposed to developing ARFID, while others may develop the disorder as a result of an experience such as choking or vomiting.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for ARFID typically involves a multidisciplinary team that includes a psychiatrist, a dietitian, and a therapist. The goal of treatment is to expand the variety of foods eaten and improve the nutritional quality of the person's diet. This is often achieved through cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), which can help the person understand and change their thoughts and behaviors related to food.
See also[edit]
