Delafloxacin: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:40, 23 March 2025

An antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections

Delafloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. It is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and some Gram-negative bacteria. Delafloxacin is marketed under the brand name Baxdela.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Delafloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes critical for DNA replication and transcription. By interfering with these enzymes, delafloxacin prevents the bacteria from reproducing and repairing their DNA, leading to bacterial cell death.

Pharmacokinetics[edit]

Delafloxacin is available in both oral and intravenous formulations, allowing for flexible administration depending on the clinical scenario. It is well absorbed when taken orally, with a bioavailability of approximately 60%. The drug is widely distributed throughout the body and is primarily excreted via the kidneys.

Clinical Uses[edit]

Delafloxacin is approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). Its broad spectrum of activity makes it a valuable option in treating infections caused by resistant bacteria.

Side Effects[edit]

Common side effects of delafloxacin include nausea, diarrhea, and headache. Like other fluoroquinolones, it carries a risk of more serious side effects such as tendonitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and central nervous system effects. Patients are advised to report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider.

Contraindications[edit]

Delafloxacin should not be used in patients with a known hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones. Caution is advised in patients with a history of seizures or other central nervous system disorders.

Related Pages[edit]

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-{{intro}}
+{{Short description|An antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections}}
-Delafloxacin is a fourth generation fluoroquinolone with expanded activity against [[gram-positive bacteria]] as well as atypical pathogens.
-{{livtox}}
+[[File:Delafloxacin.svg|thumb|right|Chemical structure of Delafloxacin]]
-Delafloxacin has been linked to mild ALT elevations during therapy, but has yet to be linked to instances of idiosyncratic acute liver injury with symptoms and jaundice as have been described with other fluoroquinolones.
-{{moa}}
+'''Delafloxacin''' is a [[fluoroquinolone]] [[antibiotic]] used in the treatment of various bacterial infections. It is particularly effective against [[Gram-positive bacteria]], including [[methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus]] (MRSA), and some [[Gram-negative bacteria]]. Delafloxacin is marketed under the brand name '''Baxdela'''.
-Delafloxacin (del" a flox' a sin) is a fourth generation fluoroquinolone with expanded activity against gram-positive bacteria including multidrug resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.  Like other fluoroquinolones, delafloxacin is active against a wide range of aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.  The quinolones are believed to act by inhibition of type II DNA topoisomerases (gyrases) that are required for synthesis of bacterial mRNAs (transcription) and DNA replication.
-{{fda}}
+==Mechanism of Action==
-Delafloxacin was approved for use in the United States in 2018 and is available under the commercial name Baxdela.  Current indications are limited to skin and skin structure infections due to sensitive organisms.
+Delafloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial [[DNA gyrase]] and [[topoisomerase IV]], enzymes critical for [[DNA replication]] and [[transcription]]. By interfering with these enzymes, delafloxacin prevents the bacteria from reproducing and repairing their DNA, leading to bacterial cell death.
-{{dose}}
+==Pharmacokinetics==
-Delafloxacin is available in both oral and parenteral formulations as 450 mg tablets and as 300 mg of a lyophilized powder in a single dose vial for reconstitution.  The recommended regimen is an oral dose of 450 mg every 12 hours or by intravenous infusion every 12 hours for 5 to 14 days.
+Delafloxacin is available in both oral and intravenous formulations, allowing for flexible administration depending on the clinical scenario. It is well absorbed when taken orally, with a bioavailability of approximately 60%. The drug is widely distributed throughout the body and is primarily excreted via the kidneys.
-{{se}}
+==Clinical Uses==
-* Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset, nausea, diarrhea, headache, skin rash and allergic reactions.
+Delafloxacin is approved for the treatment of [[acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections]] (ABSSSI) and [[community-acquired bacterial pneumonia]] (CABP). Its broad spectrum of activity makes it a valuable option in treating infections caused by resistant bacteria.
-* Less common, but more severe side effects of delafloxacin that are shared by other fluoroquinolones include seizures, hallucinations, peripheral neuropathy, tendon rupture, angioedema, photosensitivity and Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
-{{flouroquinolones}}
+==Side Effects==
-{{coststubd}}
+Common side effects of delafloxacin include [[nausea]], [[diarrhea]], and [[headache]]. Like other fluoroquinolones, it carries a risk of more serious side effects such as [[tendonitis]] and [[tendon rupture]], [[peripheral neuropathy]], and [[central nervous system]] effects. Patients are advised to report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider.
+==Contraindications==
+Delafloxacin should not be used in patients with a known hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones. Caution is advised in patients with a history of [[seizures]] or other central nervous system disorders.
+==Related Pages==
+* [[Fluoroquinolone]]
+* [[Antibiotic]]
+* [[Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus]]
+* [[Bacterial infection]]
+[[Category:Antibiotics]]
+[[Category:Fluoroquinolones]]