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{{Short description|Major venous channels within the human brain}}
==Transverse Sinuses==
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
The '''transverse sinuses''' are two large venous channels located within the human brain. They are part of the [[dural venous sinuses]], which are responsible for draining blood from the brain and the [[cerebrospinal fluid]] from the [[subarachnoid space]].
[[File:Gray488_blue.gif|Diagram of the sinuses of the dura mater|thumb|right]]
The '''transverse sinuses''' are two large venous channels located within the [[dura mater]] of the human brain. They are part of the [[dural venous sinuses]], which are responsible for draining venous blood from the brain and directing it towards the [[internal jugular vein]].
==Anatomy==
==Anatomy==
The transverse sinuses are situated within the [[tentorium cerebelli]], a fold of [[dura mater]] that separates the [[cerebrum]] from the [[cerebellum]]. Each transverse sinus begins at the [[confluence of sinuses]], where it receives blood from the [[superior sagittal sinus]], the [[straight sinus]], and the [[occipital sinus]].
The transverse sinuses run laterally along the posterior aspect of the skull, following the groove of the transverse sinus on the inner surface of the [[occipital bone]]. They then curve downward to become the [[sigmoid sinuses]], which eventually drain into the [[internal jugular veins]].
The transverse sinuses are situated in the posterior part of the cranial cavity. They run laterally from the [[confluence of sinuses]], which is located near the internal occipital protuberance, and continue along the attached margin of the [[tentorium cerebelli]].
===Course===
[[File:Gray569.png|Base of the skull. Inferior surface|thumb|left]]
Each transverse sinus begins at the confluence of sinuses, where it receives blood from the [[superior sagittal sinus]], [[straight sinus]], and [[occipital sinus]]. From there, the transverse sinuses extend laterally and anteriorly, curving around the cerebellum. They eventually transition into the [[sigmoid sinuses]], which then drain into the internal jugular veins.
===Relations===
The transverse sinuses are closely related to several important structures within the cranial cavity. They are bordered superiorly by the [[tentorium cerebelli]], a fold of dura mater that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. Inferiorly, they are in proximity to the [[cerebellum]].
==Function==
==Function==
The primary function of the transverse sinuses is to facilitate the drainage of venous blood from the brain. They collect blood from the [[cerebral veins]], the [[cerebellar veins]], and the [[dural venous sinuses]], channeling it towards the internal jugular veins. This process is crucial for maintaining proper [[intracranial pressure]] and ensuring the removal of metabolic waste from the brain.
==Clinical significance==
[[File:Gray133.png|Diagram showing the sinuses of the dura|thumb|right]]
The transverse sinuses can be affected by various medical conditions, such as [[cerebral venous sinus thrombosis]] (CVST), where a blood clot forms within the sinus, leading to increased intracranial pressure and potential [[stroke]]. Symptoms of CVST may include headache, visual disturbances, and neurological deficits.
The primary function of the transverse sinuses is to facilitate the drainage of venous blood from the brain. They collect blood from the superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and occipital sinus, and channel it towards the sigmoid sinuses. This venous blood is then directed into the internal jugular veins, which carry it back to the heart.
In some cases, the transverse sinuses may be asymmetrical, with one side being larger than the other. This is a normal anatomical variation and usually does not cause any clinical issues.
==Clinical Significance==
==Imaging==
[[File:Gray567.png|Sagittal section of the skull, showing the sinuses of the dura mater|thumb|left]]
The transverse sinuses can be visualized using various imaging techniques, such as [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) and [[computed tomography]] (CT) venography. These imaging modalities are useful for diagnosing conditions like CVST and assessing the patency of the sinuses.
The transverse sinuses can be involved in various pathological conditions. One such condition is [[cerebral venous sinus thrombosis]] (CVST), where a blood clot forms within the sinus, leading to increased intracranial pressure and potential neurological deficits. Symptoms of CVST can include headache, visual disturbances, and seizures.
==Gallery==
==Related Pages==
<gallery>
File:Gray488_blue.gif|Diagram of the sinuses of the dura mater.
File:Gray569.png|Base of the skull. Inferior surface.
File:Gray133.png|Diagram showing the sinuses of the dura.
File:Gray567.png|Sagittal section of the skull, showing the sinuses of the dura mater.
File:Gray570.png|The sinuses at the base of the skull.
File:Gray908.png|The sinuses of the brain.
File:Gray1198.png|The sinuses of the dura mater.
File:Gray1209.png|The sinuses of the dura mater, viewed from above.
File:Transverse_sinus_2.jpg|MRI showing the transverse sinuses.
File:Transverse_sinuses_2.jpg|CT venography of the transverse sinuses.
</gallery>
==Related pages==
* [[Dural venous sinuses]]
* [[Dural venous sinuses]]
* [[Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis]]
* [[Sigmoid sinus]]
* [[Sigmoid sinus]]
* [[Internal jugular vein]]
* [[Internal jugular vein]]
* [[Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis]]
[[File:Gray570.png|The sinuses at the base of the skull|thumb|right]]
==Additional Images==
==References==
* [[File:Gray908.png|The sinuses of the brain|thumb|left]]
* Standring, S. (2020). ''Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice''. 42nd Edition. Elsevier.
* [[File:Gray1198.png|The sinuses of the dura mater|thumb|right]]
* "Transverse Sinus." Radiopaedia. Accessed October 2023.
* [[File:Gray1209.png|The sinuses of the dura mater, viewed from above|thumb|left]]
The transverse sinuses are two large venous channels located within the dura mater of the human brain. They are part of the dural venous sinuses, which are responsible for draining venous blood from the brain and directing it towards the internal jugular vein.
The transverse sinuses are situated in the posterior part of the cranial cavity. They run laterally from the confluence of sinuses, which is located near the internal occipital protuberance, and continue along the attached margin of the tentorium cerebelli.
Each transverse sinus begins at the confluence of sinuses, where it receives blood from the superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and occipital sinus. From there, the transverse sinuses extend laterally and anteriorly, curving around the cerebellum. They eventually transition into the sigmoid sinuses, which then drain into the internal jugular veins.
The transverse sinuses are closely related to several important structures within the cranial cavity. They are bordered superiorly by the tentorium cerebelli, a fold of dura mater that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. Inferiorly, they are in proximity to the cerebellum.
The primary function of the transverse sinuses is to facilitate the drainage of venous blood from the brain. They collect blood from the superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, and occipital sinus, and channel it towards the sigmoid sinuses. This venous blood is then directed into the internal jugular veins, which carry it back to the heart.
File:Gray567.pngSagittal section of the skull, showing the sinuses of the dura mater
The transverse sinuses can be involved in various pathological conditions. One such condition is cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), where a blood clot forms within the sinus, leading to increased intracranial pressure and potential neurological deficits. Symptoms of CVST can include headache, visual disturbances, and seizures.
