Dish

Dish or Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a condition characterized by abnormal calcification/bone formation ("hyperostosis") throughout the body. The areas most commonly affected are the spine, where DISH can lead to stiffness and reduced range of motion, and the peripheral joints and entheses. The exact cause of DISH is unknown, but it is believed to be related to metabolic factors and possibly genetic predisposition.

Symptoms

The symptoms of DISH vary depending on the location and severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

• Stiffness, particularly in the morning
• Pain in the affected areas
• Reduced range of motion
• Difficulty swallowing (if the neck is affected)
• Sleep apnea (if the neck is affected)

Causes

The exact cause of DISH is unknown, but it is believed to be related to metabolic factors and possibly genetic predisposition. Some studies have suggested a link between DISH and conditions such as diabetes and obesity.

Diagnosis

DISH is diagnosed based on a combination of clinical symptoms and imaging studies. X-rays are typically used to identify the characteristic calcifications and bone formations associated with the condition.

Treatment

Treatment for DISH focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. This may include:

• Physical therapy
• Pain management
• Surgery (in severe cases)

See also

• Osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Spondylosis

References

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