Depigmentation

Depigmentation is a medical condition that results in loss of color (pigment) from the skin, hair, or eyes due to the absence or malfunction of cells called melanocytes. These cells produce a pigment called melanin, which gives color to the skin, hair, and iris of the eyes. Depigmentation can occur in patches or may affect the entire body.

Causes

Depigmentation can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and skin injuries. Some of the most common causes include:

• Vitiligo: This is an autoimmune disease that causes the body's immune system to attack and destroy the melanocytes in the skin.
• Albinism: This is a group of inherited disorders characterized by little or no production of the pigment melanin.
• Pityriasis alba: This is a common skin disorder characterized by the development of pale, round patches of skin.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of depigmentation is the appearance of white or light patches on the skin. These patches can appear anywhere on the body and may grow, shrink, or remain the same size. Other symptoms may include:

• Premature graying or whitening of the hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, or beard
• Loss of color in the tissues inside the mouth and nose
• Loss of color in the retina, which can affect vision

Treatment

Treatment for depigmentation depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Topical creams and ointments to help restore color
• Light therapy, including PUVA therapy and narrowband UVB therapy
• Tattooing small areas of skin with a special dye
• Skin grafting or microskin grafting
• Counseling and support to help cope with the emotional impact of the condition

See also

• Hyperpigmentation
• Hypopigmentation
• Melanin
• Melanocytes

References

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