Vascular bypass: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 01:09, 17 March 2025

Surgical procedure to redirect blood flow

A vascular bypass is a surgical procedure performed to redirect blood flow from one area of the circulatory system to another. This is typically done to bypass a blocked or damaged blood vessel, restoring adequate blood flow to tissues and organs.

Indications[edit]

Vascular bypass surgery is indicated in several conditions, including:

Peripheral artery disease (PAD), where arteries in the legs are narrowed or blocked.
Coronary artery disease, where the coronary arteries are obstructed.
Aneurysms, where a weakened blood vessel wall may rupture.
Dialysis access, where an arteriovenous graft is used to facilitate hemodialysis.

Procedure[edit]

The procedure involves creating a new pathway for blood flow using a graft. The graft can be made from the patient's own veins or arteries, or from synthetic materials. The choice of graft depends on the location of the bypass and the patient's condition.

Types of Grafts[edit]

Autologous grafts: These are grafts taken from the patient's own body, such as the saphenous vein from the leg.
Synthetic grafts: Made from materials like polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or Dacron.

Techniques[edit]

The specific technique used in vascular bypass surgery depends on the location and severity of the blockage. Common techniques include:

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): Used to bypass blocked coronary arteries.
Femoral-popliteal bypass: Used to bypass blocked arteries in the leg.
Arteriovenous grafts: Used for dialysis access.

Risks and Complications[edit]

As with any surgical procedure, vascular bypass surgery carries risks, including:

Recovery[edit]

Recovery from vascular bypass surgery varies depending on the type of procedure and the patient's overall health. Patients may need to stay in the hospital for several days and will require follow-up care to monitor the success of the bypass and manage any complications.

Related pages[edit]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Tyrosine hydroxylase''' (TH) is an [[enzyme]] that is involved in the process of [[neurotransmitter]] synthesis. It is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of the [[amino acid]] [[tyrosine]] to [[L-DOPA]], which is a precursor to the neurotransmitters [[dopamine]], [[norepinephrine]] (noradrenaline), and [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline).
+{{Short description|Surgical procedure to redirect blood flow}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
-== Function ==
+[[File:Blausen_0050_ArteriovenousGraft.png|thumb|Illustration of an arteriovenous graft, a type of vascular bypass]]
-Tyrosine hydroxylase plays a crucial role in the [[physiology]] of adrenergic neurons. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines, determining the production rate of these critical neurotransmitters. Dysregulation of this enzyme's activity is associated with various neurological disorders, including [[Parkinson's disease]] and [[schizophrenia]].
+A '''vascular bypass''' is a surgical procedure performed to redirect blood flow from one area of the circulatory system to another. This is typically done to bypass a blocked or damaged blood vessel, restoring adequate blood flow to tissues and organs.
-== Structure ==
+==Indications==
+Vascular bypass surgery is indicated in several conditions, including:
+* [[Peripheral artery disease]] (PAD), where arteries in the legs are narrowed or blocked.
+* [[Coronary artery disease]], where the coronary arteries are obstructed.
+* [[Aneurysm]]s, where a weakened blood vessel wall may rupture.
+* [[Dialysis]] access, where an arteriovenous graft is used to facilitate hemodialysis.
-The enzyme is a [[tetramer]] composed of four identical subunits. Each subunit contains a catalytic domain and a regulatory domain. The catalytic domain is responsible for the enzyme's enzymatic activity, while the regulatory domain controls the enzyme's activity.
+==Procedure==
+The procedure involves creating a new pathway for blood flow using a graft. The graft can be made from the patient's own veins or arteries, or from synthetic materials. The choice of graft depends on the location of the bypass and the patient's condition.
-== Regulation ==
+===Types of Grafts===
+* '''Autologous grafts''': These are grafts taken from the patient's own body, such as the [[saphenous vein]] from the leg.
+* '''Synthetic grafts''': Made from materials like [[polytetrafluoroethylene]] (PTFE) or [[Dacron]].
-The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase is regulated at several levels, including transcriptional regulation, post-translational modifications, and feedback inhibition by its end products. The enzyme is also regulated by [[phosphorylation]] and [[dephosphorylation]], processes that modulate the enzyme's activity.
+==Techniques==
+The specific technique used in vascular bypass surgery depends on the location and severity of the blockage. Common techniques include:
+* '''Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)''': Used to bypass blocked coronary arteries.
+* '''Femoral-popliteal bypass''': Used to bypass blocked arteries in the leg.
+* '''Arteriovenous grafts''': Used for dialysis access.
-== Clinical significance ==
+==Risks and Complications==
+As with any surgical procedure, vascular bypass surgery carries risks, including:
+* [[Infection]]
+* [[Bleeding]]
+* [[Graft failure]]
+* [[Heart attack]] or [[stroke]]
-Alterations in the function of tyrosine hydroxylase have been implicated in a number of neurological disorders. For example, a decrease in the activity of this enzyme is associated with Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons. On the other hand, an increase in the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase is associated with schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder characterized by abnormal dopamine activity.
+==Recovery==
+Recovery from vascular bypass surgery varies depending on the type of procedure and the patient's overall health. Patients may need to stay in the hospital for several days and will require follow-up care to monitor the success of the bypass and manage any complications.
-== See also ==
+==Related pages==
+* [[Coronary artery bypass surgery]]
+* [[Peripheral artery disease]]
+* [[Dialysis]]
-* [[Dopamine]]
+[[Category:Vascular surgery]]
-* [[Parkinson's disease]]
+[[Category:Cardiovascular diseases]]
-* [[Schizophrenia]]
-* [[Neurotransmitter]]
-[[Category:Enzymes]]
-[[Category:Neurotransmitters]]
-[[Category:Neurology]]
-[[Category:Psychiatry]]
-{{stub}}