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{{DISPLAYTITLE:In situ}}
{{Short description|Latin phrase meaning "on site"}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}


==In Situ==
'''In situ''' is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position." It is used in various fields to describe phenomena or processes that occur in their original location or context. This term is widely applied in disciplines such as [[biology]], [[geology]], [[archaeology]], [[medicine]], and [[engineering]].


[[File:In_situ_carcinoma-en.svg|thumb|right|Diagram illustrating in situ carcinoma.]]
==Applications==


The term '''in situ''' is a Latin phrase that translates to "on site" or "in position." In various scientific and technical fields, it refers to the examination, observation, or treatment of a phenomenon exactly in the place where it occurs, without moving it to another location. This concept is widely used in disciplines such as [[biology]], [[geology]], [[archaeology]], and [[engineering]].
===Biology===
In biology, "in situ" refers to the examination of biological processes in their natural location. For example, [[in situ hybridization]] is a technique used to detect specific nucleic acid sequences within tissue sections or cell preparations. This method allows researchers to observe the spatial distribution of genetic material within the context of the tissue architecture.


==Applications in Different Fields==
[[File:HCR-FISH_visualization_of_collagen_expression_in_P._waltl.jpg|HCR-FISH visualization of collagen expression in P. waltl|thumb|right]]
 
===Biology and Medicine===
 
In [[biology]] and [[medicine]], "in situ" refers to the study of cells or tissues in their natural location. This is crucial for understanding the physiological context and interactions within the organism. For example, in situ hybridization is a technique used to detect specific nucleic acid sequences within tissues.
 
In [[oncology]], "in situ" is used to describe a group of abnormal cells that remain in the place where they first formed. These cells have not spread to nearby tissues. An example is ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), a non-invasive breast cancer.
 
[[File:HCR-FISH_visualization_of_collagen_expression_in_P._waltl.jpg|thumb|left|HCR-FISH visualization of collagen expression in P. waltl.]]


===Geology===
===Geology===
In geology, "in situ" describes rocks, soil, or fossils that are found in their original position of formation or deposition. This is crucial for understanding the geological history and processes that have occurred in a particular area. For instance, in situ weathering refers to the breakdown of rocks and minerals at their original site without being transported.


In [[geology]], "in situ" refers to the examination of rocks, soil, and other geological features in their original location. This is important for understanding the history and structure of the Earth's crust. Geologists often conduct in situ measurements to assess the properties of rocks and minerals without disturbing their natural setting.
===Archaeology===
In archaeology, "in situ" refers to an artifact that has not been moved from its original place of deposition. This is important for preserving the context of the artifact, which can provide valuable information about the culture and time period from which it originated.


===Archaeology===
[[File:Hohokam_Arrowhead_Sahuarita_Arizona_2014.jpg|Hohokam Arrowhead Sahuarita Arizona 2014|thumb|left]]


In [[archaeology]], "in situ" describes artifacts that are found in their original context. This is vital for understanding the cultural and historical significance of the site. Artifacts found in situ can provide insights into the behavior and practices of past human societies.
===Medicine===
In medicine, "in situ" is often used to describe a condition that is localized and has not spread to other parts of the body. For example, [[carcinoma in situ]] is a term used to describe a group of abnormal cells that remain in the place where they first formed and have not spread. This is considered an early stage of cancer.


[[File:Hohokam_Arrowhead_Sahuarita_Arizona_2014.jpg|thumb|right|Hohokam arrowhead found in situ in Sahuarita, Arizona.]]
[[File:In_situ_carcinoma-en.svg|In situ carcinoma diagram|thumb|right]]


===Engineering===
===Engineering===
In engineering, "in situ" testing refers to tests conducted on materials or structures in their original location. This can include soil testing, concrete testing, and other assessments that are performed on-site to determine the properties and behavior of materials under actual conditions.


In [[engineering]], "in situ" testing refers to the testing of materials or systems in their operational environment. This can include in situ stress testing of structures or in situ monitoring of environmental conditions. Such testing is essential for ensuring the reliability and safety of engineering projects.
[[File:CTD-me-details_hg.jpg|CTD-me-details|thumb|left]]


===Space Exploration===
===Space Exploration===
In the context of space exploration, "in situ" refers to the study or utilization of resources directly at the location where they are found, such as using lunar or Martian materials for construction or fuel. This approach is crucial for sustainable space missions.


In the context of [[space exploration]], "in situ" refers to the analysis of extraterrestrial materials directly on the surface of other planets or celestial bodies. This is a key aspect of missions that aim to study the composition and characteristics of other worlds without returning samples to Earth.
[[File:Orion_Artemis_I_Selfie_1.jpg|Orion Artemis I Selfie|thumb|right]]


[[File:Orion_Artemis_I_Selfie_1.jpg|thumb|left|Orion spacecraft during the Artemis I mission, an example of in situ exploration.]]
==Related pages==
 
==Related Pages==
* [[In situ hybridization]]
* [[In situ hybridization]]
* [[Carcinoma in situ]]
* [[In situ resource utilization]]
* [[In situ conservation]]
* [[In situ conservation]]
* [[In situ leach]]
* [[In situ resource utilization]]
==Gallery==
[[File:CTD-me-details_hg.jpg|thumb|right|In situ oceanographic measurements using a CTD device.]]


[[File:"The_Mastaba"_massive_sculpture,_floating_in_the_Serpentine_(geograph_5815024).jpg|thumb|left|"The Mastaba" sculpture, an example of in situ art installation.]]
[[File:"The_Mastaba"_massive_sculpture,_floating_in_the_Serpentine_(geograph_5815024).jpg|"The Mastaba" massive sculpture, floating in the Serpentine|thumb|left]]


[[Category:Latin words and phrases]]
[[Category:Latin words and phrases]]
[[Category:Scientific terminology]]
[[Category:Scientific terminology]]
[[Category:Research methods]]

Latest revision as of 01:48, 6 March 2025

Latin phrase meaning "on site"



In situ is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position." It is used in various fields to describe phenomena or processes that occur in their original location or context. This term is widely applied in disciplines such as biology, geology, archaeology, medicine, and engineering.

Applications[edit]

Biology[edit]

In biology, "in situ" refers to the examination of biological processes in their natural location. For example, in situ hybridization is a technique used to detect specific nucleic acid sequences within tissue sections or cell preparations. This method allows researchers to observe the spatial distribution of genetic material within the context of the tissue architecture.

HCR-FISH visualization of collagen expression in P. waltl

Geology[edit]

In geology, "in situ" describes rocks, soil, or fossils that are found in their original position of formation or deposition. This is crucial for understanding the geological history and processes that have occurred in a particular area. For instance, in situ weathering refers to the breakdown of rocks and minerals at their original site without being transported.

Archaeology[edit]

In archaeology, "in situ" refers to an artifact that has not been moved from its original place of deposition. This is important for preserving the context of the artifact, which can provide valuable information about the culture and time period from which it originated.

Hohokam Arrowhead Sahuarita Arizona 2014

Medicine[edit]

In medicine, "in situ" is often used to describe a condition that is localized and has not spread to other parts of the body. For example, carcinoma in situ is a term used to describe a group of abnormal cells that remain in the place where they first formed and have not spread. This is considered an early stage of cancer.

In situ carcinoma diagram

Engineering[edit]

In engineering, "in situ" testing refers to tests conducted on materials or structures in their original location. This can include soil testing, concrete testing, and other assessments that are performed on-site to determine the properties and behavior of materials under actual conditions.

CTD-me-details

Space Exploration[edit]

In the context of space exploration, "in situ" refers to the study or utilization of resources directly at the location where they are found, such as using lunar or Martian materials for construction or fuel. This approach is crucial for sustainable space missions.

Orion Artemis I Selfie

Related pages[edit]

"The Mastaba" massive sculpture, floating in the Serpentine