Speech production

Speech production is the process by which thoughts are translated into speech. This includes the selection of words, the building of correct sentences, as well as the correct pronunciation and articulation of words. Speech production can be spontaneous such as when a person creates sentences while speaking, or rehearsed, such as when a person recites a written document or presents a speech.

Stages of Speech Production

Speech production involves four major steps:

1. Conceptualization: This is the process of forming a clear mental concept or idea of what one wants to communicate. This involves the use of cognition and memory.
2. Formulation: This involves the selection and ordering of the appropriate words and sentences to convey the intended message. This stage involves syntax, semantics, and phonology.
3. Articulation: This is the physical production of speech sounds. This involves the use of the vocal cords, tongue, lips, and other parts of the vocal tract.
4. Self-Monitoring: This is the process of checking one's own speech to ensure it is clear and appropriate to the situation. This involves auditory feedback and proprioception.

Models of Speech Production

There are several models that attempt to explain how the brain produces speech. These include:

1. Serial Model: This model suggests that the stages of speech production occur in a specific order, with each stage being completed before the next one begins.
2. Parallel Model: This model suggests that the stages of speech production occur simultaneously, with information being processed at different levels at the same time.
3. Interactive Model: This model suggests that the stages of speech production interact with each other, with information flowing between the stages in both directions.

Disorders of Speech Production

There are several disorders that can affect speech production. These include:

1. Aphasia: This is a disorder that affects a person's ability to speak and understand language.
2. Dysarthria: This is a motor speech disorder that affects a person's ability to articulate words.
3. Apraxia of Speech: This is a motor speech disorder that affects a person's ability to plan and coordinate the movements needed for speech.

See Also

• Speech perception
• Language acquisition
• Phonetics
• Linguistics

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