Ionization

Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. The resulting electrically charged atom or molecule is called an ion.

Overview

Ionization can result from the loss of an electron after collisions with subatomic particles, collisions with other atoms, molecules and ions, or through the interaction with light. However, the process of ionization can also be achieved by other means, such as by the application of a strong electric field.

Ionization Energy

The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from an atom or molecule is known as the ionization energy or ionization potential. Ionization energies are typically reported in units of electron volts (eV) or kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol).

Ionization in the Atmosphere

Ionization in the atmosphere is caused by radiation from the sun and from cosmic rays. This ionization is important in the formation of the Earth's magnetic field, and it also plays a role in the weather and in climate change.

Ionization in Medicine

In medicine, ionization is used in radiation therapy to kill cancer cells. The ionizing radiation damages the DNA of the cancer cells, causing them to die or to stop dividing.

See Also

• Electron
• Molecule
• Atom
• Radiation therapy
• Earth's magnetic field
• Weather
• Climate change

References

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  Aurora in Abisko near Torneträsk

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  Electron avalanche

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  First Ionization Energy blocks

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  Tunnel ionization

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  Lambda type population trapping

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  Kuchiev's model