Fragaria

Genus of flowering plants in the rose family

Fragaria is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family (Rosaceae), commonly known as strawberries for their edible fruits. There are more than 20 described species and many hybrids and cultivars. The most common strawberries grown commercially are cultivars of the garden strawberry, a hybrid known as Fragaria × ananassa.

Description

Fragaria vesca

Fragaria species are low-growing herbaceous plants with a fibrous root system and a crown from which arise basal leaves. The leaves are compound, typically with three leaflets, and have serrated edges. The flowers are white, with five petals, and are borne in clusters. The fruit, commonly referred to as a "strawberry," is not a true berry but an aggregate accessory fruit, composed of many small individual fruits embedded on a fleshy receptacle.

Distribution and Habitat

Fragaria species are native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with some species extending into the tropics. They are found in a variety of habitats, including woodlands, meadows, and riverbanks. The plants prefer well-drained soils and are often found in areas with full to partial sunlight.

Species

There are several species within the Fragaria genus, each with unique characteristics:

• Fragaria vesca, commonly known as the wild strawberry, is widespread across Europe and Asia. It is known for its small, sweet fruits.
• Fragaria viridis, or the green strawberry, is found in Europe and Asia and is distinguished by its greenish fruit.
• Fragaria nilgerrensis, native to the Nilgiri Hills of India, is known for its distinctive white flowers and small fruits.
• Fragaria daltoniana, found in the Himalayas, is notable for its large leaves and white flowers.

Fragaria daltoniana

Cultivation

Strawberries are cultivated worldwide for their fruit, which is consumed fresh, frozen, or processed into products such as jams, juices, and desserts. The garden strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa, is the most widely grown species, developed through the hybridization of Fragaria virginiana from North America and Fragaria chiloensis from South America.

Uses

Strawberries are rich in vitamin C, manganese, folate, and potassium. They are also a source of antioxidants and have been associated with various health benefits, including improved heart health and reduced inflammation.

Related pages

• Rosaceae
• Berry
• Fruit

Fragaria nilgerrensis

Gallery

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  Wild strawberries in their natural habitat

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  Fragaria viridis fruit