Waddell's signs
Waddell's Signs
Waddell's signs (/wɒdɛl/; named after Gordon Waddell, a Scottish orthopedic surgeon) are a group of physical signs, intended to identify non-organic or psychological component to chronic low back pain. Patients with Waddell's signs may exhibit symptoms that are not anatomically or neurologically explainable.
Etymology
The term "Waddell's signs" is named after Gordon Waddell (1911–1997), a Scottish orthopedic surgeon who described these signs in his 1980 paper.
Signs
Waddell's signs consist of five categories:
- Tenderness tests: superficial or non-anatomical tenderness.
- Simulation tests: pain on axial loading or rotation.
- Distraction tests: different results of the same test performed in different positions.
- Regional disturbances: weakness or sensory changes in a non-dermatomal pattern.
- Overreaction: disproportionate response to stimulus.
Related Terms
- Chronic Pain: A persistent pain that lasts for more than 3 months.
- Psychogenic Pain: Pain that is primarily caused by psychological factors.
- Low Back Pain: Pain located in the lower back area.
- Orthopedic Surgery: A branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Waddell's signs
- Wikipedia's article - Waddell's signs
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