Virginiamycin
Virginiamycin (pronunciation: vir-jin-ee-uh-mye-sin) is an antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces virginiae. It is a combination of two major components: Virginiamycin M1 (also known as Pristinamycin IIA) and Virginiamycin S1 (also known as Pristinamycin IA).
Etymology
The term "Virginiamycin" is derived from Streptomyces virginiae, the bacterium from which it was first isolated. The bacterium was named after the U.S. state of Virginia, where it was discovered.
Usage
Virginiamycin is used in veterinary medicine to prevent and treat infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. It is also used as a growth promoter in poultry and swine. In human medicine, it is used to treat vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) infections.
Mechanism of Action
Virginiamycin M1 and S1 work synergistically to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. Virginiamycin M1 binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting peptide bond formation. Virginiamycin S1 binds to the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit, preventing the correct positioning of the aminoacyl-tRNA.
Resistance
Resistance to Virginiamycin can occur through several mechanisms, including modification of the antibiotic target site, active efflux of the antibiotic, and enzymatic inactivation of the antibiotic.
Related Terms
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Virginiamycin
- Wikipedia's article - Virginiamycin
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