Vaccine trial
Vaccine trial
A vaccine trial (pronunciation: /ˈvæksiːn traɪəl/) is a type of clinical trial that specifically tests the safety and efficacy of a vaccine before it is approved for use.
Etymology
The term "vaccine trial" is derived from the Latin vaccinus meaning "of or from the cow" due to the early use of cowpox to immunize humans against smallpox, and the English word "trial" meaning a test or examination.
Definition
A vaccine trial is a scientific experiment or observation designed to test the effects of a vaccine on human health. It is a critical part of the vaccine development process, which involves several stages including exploratory stage, pre-clinical stage, clinical development, regulatory review and approval, manufacturing, and quality control.
Types of Vaccine Trials
There are three main types of vaccine trials:
- Phase I trial: This is the first stage of testing in human subjects, designed to assess safety, tolerability, and biological activity.
- Phase II trial: The second stage, which aims to assess the vaccine's efficacy and side effects.
- Phase III trial: The third stage, which involves randomized and blind testing in several hundred to several thousand subjects.
Related Terms
- Placebo: A substance that has no therapeutic effect, used as a control in testing new drugs.
- Double-blind study: A type of study in which neither the participants nor the researchers know which participants are receiving the active treatment and which are not.
- Immunization: The process by which a person's immune system becomes fortified against an agent.
- Adverse event: Any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical investigation subject administered a pharmaceutical product.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Vaccine trial
- Wikipedia's article - Vaccine trial
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