Terpenoids
Terpenoids
Terpenoids (/tɜːrˈpiːnɔɪd/), also known as isoprenoids, are a large and diverse class of naturally occurring organic chemicals derived from the five-carbon compound isoprene. They are the primary constituents of essential oils produced by many types of plants and are also found in some insects.
Etymology
The term "terpenoid" originates from the word "terpene", which is derived from the Greek word "terebinthine", referring to the resin of the terebinth tree. The suffix "-oid" means "resembling" or "like", indicating that terpenoids are similar to terpenes but have undergone chemical modification.
Classification
Terpenoids are classified based on the number of isoprene units in the molecule. Monoterpenoids (internal link) contain two isoprene units, sesquiterpenoids (internal link) contain three, diterpenoids (internal link) contain four, and so on.
Biosynthesis
The biosynthesis of terpenoids involves the condensation of isoprene units in a head-to-tail manner to form linear chains, which are then folded into rings and decorated with functional groups. The two primary pathways for terpenoid biosynthesis are the mevalonate pathway (internal link) and the non-mevalonate pathway (internal link).
Functions
Terpenoids play many roles in plants, including attracting pollinators, deterring herbivores, and protecting against microbial infections. In humans, they have been used for their aromatic qualities and potential medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer activities.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Terpenoids
- Wikipedia's article - Terpenoids
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