Sphingolipids
Sphingolipids
Sphingolipids (pronunciation: /sfɪŋˈɡoʊlɪpɪdz/) are a class of lipids characterized by a particular aliphatic amino alcohol called sphingosine. The term "sphingolipid" is derived from the Greek word "sphinx," which refers to the enigmatic nature of these lipids when they were first discovered.
Etymology
The term "sphingolipid" was coined by the German chemist Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudichum in the late 19th century. He named them after the Sphinx, the mythical creature from Greek mythology, due to the enigmatic nature of these lipids at the time of their discovery.
Classification
Sphingolipids can be classified into several categories, including ceramides, sphingomyelins, glycosphingolipids, and gangliosides. Each of these categories represents a different type of sphingolipid, with unique structures and functions.
Function
Sphingolipids play a crucial role in various biological processes. They are essential components of cell membranes, contributing to their structural integrity and fluidity. They also participate in cell signaling, immune response, and apoptosis.
Related Terms
- Lipid: A broad group of naturally occurring molecules which includes fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
- Sphingosine: An amino alcohol that forms a primary part of sphingolipids.
- Ceramide: A family of waxy lipid molecules composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid.
- Sphingomyelin: A type of sphingolipid found in animal cell membranes, especially in the membranous myelin sheath that surrounds some nerve cell axons.
- Glycosphingolipid: A type of sphingolipid that includes a carbohydrate.
- Ganglioside: A molecule composed of a glycosphingolipid with one or more sialic acids linked on the sugar chain.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Sphingolipids
- Wikipedia's article - Sphingolipids
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