Sedimentology
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Sedimentology
Sedimentology (pronunciation: /ˌsɛdɪmɛnˈtɒlədʒi/) is the scientific study of sediments, including the processes of sediment formation, transport, deposition, and diagenesis. The term is derived from the Latin word 'sedimentum', meaning 'settling', and the Greek suffix '-logy', meaning 'study of'.
History
The study of sedimentology can be traced back to the works of early geologists such as James Hutton and Charles Lyell in the 18th and 19th centuries, respectively. However, it was not until the 20th century that sedimentology was recognized as a distinct discipline within the field of geology.
Processes
Sedimentology encompasses several processes:
- Erosion: The process by which rock or soil is worn away by the action of water, wind, or ice.
- Transport: The movement of sediment from its place of origin to a new location.
- Deposition: The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it and accumulates on the earth's surface.
- Diagenesis: The physical and chemical changes that occur in sediment after it is deposited, including compaction and cementation.
Related Terms
- Stratigraphy: The study of rock layers and layering.
- Lithology: The study of the physical characteristics of rocks.
- Paleontology: The study of the history of life on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.
See Also
References
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