Sandstone
Sandstone
Sandstone (/ˈsændstoʊn/) is a type of rock that is primarily composed of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments.
Etymology
The term "sandstone" is derived from the English words "sand" and "stone". "Sand" is from the Old English "sand", which is from the Proto-Germanic "*sandaz". "Stone" is from the Old English "stān", from the Proto-Germanic "*stainaz".
Composition
Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust. Like uncemented sand, sandstone may be any color due to impurities within the minerals, but the most common colors are tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, pink, white, and black.
Types of Sandstone
There are several different types of sandstone, including:
- Arenite sandstone: This type of sandstone is characterized by a high proportion of sand-sized minerals or rock grains.
- Arkose sandstone: This type of sandstone contains at least 25% feldspar.
- Lithic sandstone: This type of sandstone contains a significant amount of lithic fragments.
Related Terms
- Sedimentary rock: Sandstone is a type of sedimentary rock.
- Stratigraphy: This is the study of rock layers and layering, which is important in understanding the formation of sandstone.
- Permeability: This refers to the ability of a rock to transmit water or other fluids, like oil. Sandstone often has high permeability.
- Porosity: This is the measure of the void spaces in a material, and can be applied to sandstone.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Sandstone
- Wikipedia's article - Sandstone
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