Restricted randomization
Restricted Randomization
Restricted randomization (pronounced: rɪˈstrɪktɪd ˌrændəmʌɪˈzeɪʃən) is a method used in clinical trials to reduce bias and achieve balance in the allocation of participants to treatment groups. It is also known as balanced randomization or restricted random allocation.
Etymology
The term "restricted randomization" is derived from the words "restricted", meaning limited or controlled, and "randomization", which refers to the process of making something random. In this context, it refers to a method of random allocation that is controlled or limited to ensure balance in the assignment of participants to treatment groups.
Method
In restricted randomization, the allocation of participants to treatment groups is not purely random. Instead, it is controlled to ensure that there is a balance in the number of participants in each group, and that the groups are comparable in terms of key characteristics such as age, sex, and disease severity. This is achieved through techniques such as block randomization, stratified randomization, and covariate adaptive randomization.
Advantages and Disadvantages
The main advantage of restricted randomization is that it reduces the risk of bias and increases the validity of the results. By ensuring balance in the allocation of participants, it minimizes the risk of confounding variables affecting the results.
However, restricted randomization also has some disadvantages. It can be more complex and time-consuming to implement than simple randomization. It also requires a larger sample size to achieve the same level of statistical power.
Related Terms
- Randomization: The process of assigning trial participants to treatment groups at random.
- Block randomization: A method of randomization that ensures an equal number of participants in each treatment group.
- Stratified randomization: A method of randomization that ensures balance in the allocation of participants based on certain characteristics or factors.
- Covariate adaptive randomization: A method of randomization that adjusts the allocation of participants based on covariates.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Restricted randomization
- Wikipedia's article - Restricted randomization
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