RNA editing
RNA Editing
RNA editing (pronounced: /ɑːrɛnˈeɪ ˈɛdɪtɪŋ/) is a molecular process through which some cells can make discrete changes to specific nucleotide sequences within an RNA molecule after it has been generated by RNA polymerase.
Etymology
The term "RNA editing" was first used in the early 1980s. The term "editing" comes from the concept of revising or correcting a pre-existing text, in this case, the RNA sequence.
Process
RNA editing occurs in the cell nucleus and cytosol, as well as within mitochondria and plastids. In many instances, RNA editing involves the alteration of individual nucleotides within an RNA molecule, such as the conversion of an adenosine residue into an inosine residue. This can lead to proteins that differ in amino acid sequence from their corresponding DNA genes.
Types of RNA Editing
There are two types of RNA editing:
1. Insertion/deletion editing: This involves the addition or deletion of nucleotides from the RNA molecule. This type of editing is common in the mitochondria of certain single-celled organisms.
2. Substitution editing: This involves the replacement of one nucleotide with another. This type of editing is common in mammals and other higher organisms.
Related Terms
- Adenosine to Inosine (A-to-I) editing: A type of RNA editing in which adenosine is converted to inosine.
- Cytidine to Uridine (C-to-U) editing: A type of RNA editing in which cytidine is converted to uridine.
- RNA Polymerase: An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.
- Nucleotide: The basic building block of RNA and DNA.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on RNA editing
- Wikipedia's article - RNA editing
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