Phytoestrogens
Phytoestrogens
Phytoestrogens (pronounced: /ˌfaɪtoʊˈɛstrədʒən/) are plant-derived xenoestrogens (not generated within the endocrine system but consumed by eating phytoestrogenic plants) that function similarly to the hormone estrogen in the human body.
Etymology
The term "Phytoestrogen" is derived from the Greek words "phyto" meaning plant and "estrogen," the hormone which gives fertility to female mammals. The word "estrogen" is derived from estrus (Greek οἶστρος) - sexual desire, and gen (Greek γόνο) - to generate.
Function
Phytoestrogens have been found to have both estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects, depending on their concentration and the presence of endogenous estrogen. They are able to bind to both types of estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, and can modulate their transcriptional activity.
Types of Phytoestrogens
Phytoestrogens can be classified into different groups based on their chemical structure:
- Isoflavones: These are found in soy and soy products, legumes, and some types of grains.
- Lignans: These are found in flaxseeds, whole grains, some fruits and vegetables, and some types of berries.
- Coumestans: These are found in split peas, pinto beans, and lima beans.
- Stilbenes: These are found in red wine and peanuts.
Health Effects
Phytoestrogens have been studied for their potential health benefits and risks. Some studies suggest that they may help reduce symptoms of menopause, prevent osteoporosis, and reduce the risk of certain types of cancer. However, more research is needed to fully understand their effects on human health.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Phytoestrogens
- Wikipedia's article - Phytoestrogens
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