Pentane
Pentane
Pentane (pronounced /ˈpɛnteɪn/) is a type of hydrocarbon that belongs to the alkane series. It is a colorless, volatile liquid that is present in petroleum and natural gas.
Etymology
The term "Pentane" is derived from the Greek word pente, meaning "five", and the suffix -ane which is used in organic chemistry to denote the presence of single bonds between carbon atoms. Thus, "Pentane" refers to an alkane with five carbon atoms.
Structure
Pentane has a molecular formula of C5H12. It consists of five carbon atoms and twelve hydrogen atoms. The carbon atoms are arranged in a straight chain, with each carbon atom bonded to two other carbon atoms (except for the end carbon atoms, which are bonded to only one other carbon atom) and the remaining bonds filled by hydrogen atoms.
Properties
Pentane is a colorless liquid at room temperature and has a very low boiling point. It is highly flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air. Pentane is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether.
Uses
Pentane is used as a solvent in the laboratory and in industry. It is also used as a blowing agent in the production of polystyrene foam, and as a refrigerant in low-temperature applications.
Related Terms
- Isopentane: An isomer of pentane with a different arrangement of atoms.
- Neopentane: Another isomer of pentane, also known as dimethylpropane.
- Hexane: A similar alkane with six carbon atoms.
- Butane: A similar alkane with four carbon atoms.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Pentane
- Wikipedia's article - Pentane
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