Oxymorphone
Oxymorphone
Oxymorphone (pronounced: /ˌɒksɪˈmɔːrfoʊn/) is a powerful semi-synthetic opioid analgesic (painkiller) first developed in Germany in 1914. It is used clinically in the treatment of severe pain and is available in immediate-release and extended-release formulations.
Etymology
The term "Oxymorphone" is derived from the Greek words "oxy" (sharp), "morphone" (a reference to Morpheus, the god of dreams in Greek mythology), indicating its powerful analgesic effect.
Pharmacology
Oxymorphone is a mu-opioid receptor agonist. It works by binding to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord, reducing the perception of pain. It is more potent than morphine and has a higher bioavailability when administered intravenously.
Side Effects
Common side effects of Oxymorphone include nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, and sedation. Serious side effects may include respiratory depression and addiction. It is therefore classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States.
Related Terms
- Opioid: A class of drugs that includes the illegal drug heroin, synthetic opioids such as fentanyl, and pain relievers available legally by prescription, such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, codeine, morphine, and many others.
- Analgesic: A medication used to relieve pain.
- Mu-opioid receptor: A class of opioid receptors with high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphins.
- Morphine: A pain medication of the opiate family which is found naturally in a number of plants and animals.
- Schedule II controlled substance: This is the second highest level of control in the US, substances in this schedule have a high potential for abuse which may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Oxymorphone
- Wikipedia's article - Oxymorphone
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