Non-governmental organizations
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) (/ˌɛnˌdʒiːˈoʊ/; from the French Organisation non gouvernementale), are independent organizations that operate outside of government influence. They are typically non-profit entities that provide services or advocate for specific causes.
Etymology
The term "Non-Governmental Organization" was first coined in 1945 by the United Nations to differentiate private organizations that operate independently from government control. The term "NGO" is not universally defined, and is often used interchangeably with terms like "civil society organization" or "private voluntary organization".
Types of NGOs
NGOs can be classified into various types based on their orientation or level of operation.
- Charitable Orientation: These NGOs provide services and relief to people in need. Examples include Red Cross and Doctors Without Borders.
- Service Orientation: These NGOs provide services such as education, health, and family planning. Examples include World Vision and Plan International.
- Participatory Orientation: These NGOs aim to involve local people in projects to promote their own development. Examples include Oxfam and ActionAid.
- Empowering Orientation: These NGOs aim to help poor people develop a clearer understanding of the social, political and economic factors affecting their lives, and to strengthen their awareness of their own potential power to control their lives. Examples include Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch.
Role of NGOs
NGOs play a crucial role in promoting social and economic development, advocating for human rights, and providing humanitarian relief in times of crisis. They often work in partnership with governments, international organizations, and other NGOs to address pressing issues such as poverty, education, health, and the environment.
Criticisms of NGOs
Despite their significant contributions, NGOs have also faced criticisms. Some critics argue that NGOs lack accountability and transparency, and that they can sometimes be influenced by their donors' agendas. Others argue that NGOs can inadvertently perpetuate systems of dependency and inequality.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Non-governmental organizations
- Wikipedia's article - Non-governmental organizations
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