Mitochondrial biogenesis
Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Mitochondrial biogenesis (/maɪtoʊkɒndriəl baɪoʊdʒɛnɪsɪs/) is the process by which cells increase their individual mitochondria population and enhance their structure and functionality. Mitochondrial biogenesis is activated by numerous different signals during periods of cellular stress or in response to environmental stimuli, such as intense exercise and caloric restriction.
Etymology
The term "mitochondrial biogenesis" is derived from the Greek words "mitos" (thread) and "chondros" (granule), referring to the appearance of mitochondria under a microscope, and "biogenesis", which comes from the Greek "bios" (life) and "genesis" (origin, source, beginning).
Process
Mitochondrial biogenesis involves the coordination of two different genomes: the nuclear and the mitochondrial. The process requires the interplay of nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and is regulated by numerous factors, including the family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway.
Related Terms
- Mitochondria: Double-membraned organelles found in most eukaryotic organisms, which generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy.
- Nuclear DNA (nDNA): DNA located within the nucleus of a cell.
- Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): DNA located in the mitochondria.
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): A group of nuclear receptor proteins that function as transcription factors regulating the expression of genes.
- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK): An enzyme that plays a role in cellular energy homeostasis.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Mitochondrial biogenesis
- Wikipedia's article - Mitochondrial biogenesis
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