Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution (pronunciation: /ɪnˌdʌs.tri.əl rɛvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/) was a period of major industrialization and innovation that took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and quickly spread throughout the world. The primary changes during the Industrial Revolution were in mining, metallurgy, textile, transportation, and technology.
Etymology
The term "Industrial Revolution" was popularized by English economic historian Arnold Toynbee to describe Britain's economic development from 1760 to 1840. The term "industrial" comes from the Latin industria, meaning "diligence, hard work"; and "revolution" comes from the Latin revolutio, meaning "a turn around".
Related Terms
- Capitalism: An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. The Industrial Revolution marked a major turning point in history as the means of production shifted from agrarian and handicraft economy to industrial and capitalist economy.
- Urbanization: The process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas. The Industrial Revolution led to rapid urbanization, as people moved from rural areas to work in factories in cities.
- Child labor: The use of children in industry or business, especially when illegal or considered inhumane. Child labor was a common practice during the Industrial Revolution.
- Steam engine: An engine that uses the expansion or rapid condensation of steam to generate power. The invention and development of the steam engine was a crucial part of the Industrial Revolution.
- Factory system: A method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labor. This system was first adopted in Britain at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century and later spread around the world.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Industrial Revolution
- Wikipedia's article - Industrial Revolution
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