Incretins
Incretins
Incretins (/ɪnˈkrɛtɪnz/) are a group of metabolic hormones that stimulate a decrease in blood glucose levels. They are typically secreted after eating and are known for their effect on the insulin secretion.
Etymology
The term "incretin" is derived from the phrase "INtestinal seCRETion of INsulin". It was first used in the 1930s to describe the increased insulin secretion observed after oral glucose administration.
Types of Incretins
There are two primary types of incretins: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Both are secreted from the gut and stimulate insulin secretion from the pancreas in a glucose-dependent manner.
Glucagon-like peptide-1
GLP-1 is a hormone that is secreted from the L cells of the small intestine and colon in response to food intake. It enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, and reduces food intake.
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
GIP is a hormone that is secreted from the K cells of the duodenum and jejunum in response to food intake. It enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion and has a minor inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion.
Clinical Significance
Incretins play a significant role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Incretin-based therapies, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors, are commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Related Terms
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Type 2 diabetes
- Glucagon-like peptide-1
- Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Incretins
- Wikipedia's article - Incretins
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